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. 2017 Jul 31;15(7):e04851. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851
Feed category Abbreviation N % Left Censored

Mean

(μg/kg)a

Median

(μg/kg)a

P75

(μg/kg)a

P95

(μg/kg)a , b

LB UB LB UB LB UB LB UB
Cereal grains, their products and by‐products Barley Barley, unspecified α‐ZAL 26 100 0 42 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZAL 26 100 0 42 0 50 0 50 – –
ZAN 38 82 6 37 0 50 0 50 – –
α‐ZEL 19 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZEL 19 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
ZEN 1586 71 11 15 0 5 5 9 20 35
Barley bran ZEN 2 0 4,391 4,391 4,391 4,391 8,750 8,750 – –
Barley middlings α‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
ZAN 2 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Barley protein feed α‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Malt ZEN 2 100 0 24 0 24 0 25 – –
Malt rootlets ZAN 2 50 20 25 20 25 41 41 – –
ZEN 4 0 13 13 13 13 20 20 – –
Buckwheat Buckwheat α‐ZAL 1 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
ZAN 1 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
α‐ZEL 1 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZEL 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
ZEN 4 100 0 21 0 15 0 35 – –
Cereal grains, their products and by‐products Cereal grains, their products and by‐products α‐ZAL 12 100 0 19 0 19 0 19 – –
β‐ZAL 12 92 2 19 0 19 0 19 – –
ZAN 49 76 13 21 0 10 0 10 – –
ZEN 164 79 28 103 0 50 0 200 82 200
Grains as crops Other grains ZEN 1 100 0 3 0 3 0 3 – –
Maize_&_Corn Maize screenings ZEN 1 0 18 18 18 18 18 18 – –
Maize and Corn, unspecified α‐ZAL 114 100 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 18
β‐ZAL 114 100 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 18
ZAN 35 43 68 72 15 15 51 51 – –
ZEN 2,046 31 102 105 24 25 97 98 481 481
Millet Millet α‐ZAL 1 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
ZAN 6 83 5 20 0 10 0 32 – –
α‐ZEL 1 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZEL 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
ZEN 1 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
Mixed grains Brewers’ grains ZEN 3 100 0 15 0 10 0 25 – –
Distillers’ dark grains; [Distillers’ dried grains and solubles] ZAN 24 8 64 65 49 49 86 86 – –
ZEN 1 0 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 – –
Distillers’ dried grains ZEN 10 30 14 18 19 19 19 20 – –
Grain flour ZEN 1 0 11 11 11 11 11 11 – –
Mixed grains, unspecified ZEN 32 81 4 13 0 10 0 11 – –
Oats Oat feed ZEN 72 96 1 6 0 5 0 5 0 7
Oat flour (Feed) ZEN 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 – –
Oat groats (Feed) α‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Oats, unspecified α‐ZAL 14 100 0 44 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZAL 14 100 0 44 0 50 0 50 – –
ZAN 13 92 2 45 0 50 0 50 – –
α‐ZEL 11 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZEL 11 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
ZEN 779 78 10 14 0 3 0 8 48 53
Rice, broken Rice bran ZEN 1 0 128 128 128 128 128 128 – –
Rice middlings ZAN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Rice, broken, unspecified α‐ZAL 108 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 50
β‐ZAL 108 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 50
ZAN 108 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 50
α‐ZEL 108 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 50
β‐ZEL 108 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10
ZEN 152 98 0 37 0 50 0 50 0 50
Rice, milled α‐ZAL 1 100 0 21 0 21 0 21 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 21 0 21 0 21 – –
ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Rye Rye, unspecified α‐ZAL 9 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZAL 9 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
ZAN 9 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
α‐ZEL 9 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZEL 9 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
ZEN 312 90 2 9 0 5 0 5 7 26
Rye bran (Feed) ZEN 1 0 110 110 110 110 110 110 – –
Rye middlings ZAN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Sorghum; [Milo] Sorghum; [Milo] ZAN 2 50 16 21 16 21 32 32 – –
ZEN 3 33 151 152 14 14 440 440 – –
Spelt Spelt ZAN 4 75 6 13 0 10 12 17 – –
ZEN 33 85 3 8 0 5 0 10 – –
Triticale Triticale α‐ZAL 2 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
β‐ZAL 2 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
ZEN 67 72 17 21 0 6 8 13 22 22
Wheat Malting wheat screenings ZEN 2 100 0 25 0 25 0 25 – –
Vital wheat gluten ZEN 5 60 273 279 0 10 15 15 – –
Wheat, unspecified α‐ZAL 12 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
β‐ZAL 12 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
ZAN 40 53 44 50 0 11 25 25 – –
ZEN 6177 55 21 24 0 5 8 12 81 82
Wheat bran (Feed) α‐ZAL 89 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20
β‐ZAL 89 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20
ZAN 6 67 9 16 0 10 25 25 – –
ZEN 111 86 4 12 0 10 0 10 28 30
Wheat feed α‐ZAL 65 98 4 24 0 20 0 20 0 20
β‐ZAL 65 98 2 21 0 20 0 20 0 20
ZAN 6 50 10 15 5 10 25 25 – –
ZEN 99 84 43 51 0 10 0 10 40 40
Wheat germ (Feed) ZAN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Wheat gluten feed ZAN 2 50 5 10 5 10 10 10 – –
ZEN 3 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Wheat middlings ZAN 3 67 17 23 0 10 50 50 – –
ZEN 102 50 18 22 3 10 33 34 65 65
Compound feed Complementary/Complete feed Breeding pigs α‐ZAL 2 100 0 11 0 11 0 13 – –
β‐ZAL 2 100 0 11 0 11 0 13 – –
ZEN 97 48 32 37 3 15 25 30 231 231
Calves α‐ZAL 4 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
β‐ZAL 4 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
ZEN 12 42 100 105 17 25 90 90 – –
Complementary feed (incomplete diet) α‐ZAL 1 100 0 8 0 8 0 8 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 8 0 8 0 8 – –
ZAN 131 22 19 20 9 9 22 22 75 75
ZEN 248 64 44 66 0 49 1 50 264 264
Complete feed ZAN 172 27 26 28 14 14 29 29 84 84
ZEN 224 57 57 81 0 50 3 50 335 335
Dairy cows α‐ZAL 53 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
β‐ZAL 53 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
ZEN 379 48 14 18 0 7 16 20 56 56
Fattening calves ZEN 127 39 28 32 15 16 35 35 86 86
Fattening cattle α‐ZAL 15 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
β‐ZAL 15 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
ZEN 72 69 15 21 0 8 2 13 74 74
Fattening chickens ZEN 129 37 31 36 7 18 31 34 126 126
Fattening ducks/Complete feed ZEN 7 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Fattening geese/Complementary feed ZEN 1 100 0 30 0 30 0 30 – –
Fattening geese/Complete feed ZEN 5 60 34 40 0 10 50 50 – –
Fattening rabbits ZEN 14 57 1,081 1,087 0 10 20 21 – –
Fattening sheep ZEN 7 57 5 11 0 10 12 12 – –
Fattening turkeys/Complete feed ZEN 27 48 24 37 4 20 20 50 – –
Fish/Complete feed ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Fur animals/Complete feed ZEN 1 0 140 140 140 140 140 140 – –
Goat (kids) (weaning diets)/Complementary feed ZEN 2 0 59 59 59 59 108 108 – –
Growing/fattening pigs α‐ZAL 4 100 0 11 0 11 0 13 – –
β‐ZAL 4 100 0 11 0 11 0 13 – –
ZEN 443 41 35 40 7 13 26 27 95 95
Horses ZEN 7 43 16 40 10 20 29 54 – –
Lactating/dairy goats/Complete feed ZEN 28 64 8 12 0 5 11 11 – –
Lactating/dairy sheep α‐ZAL 4 100 0 12 0 13 0 13 – –
β‐ZAL 4 100 0 12 0 13 0 13 – –
ZEN 78 59 14 17 0 5 14 14 73 73
Lambs α‐ZAL 1 100 0 8 0 8 0 8 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 8 0 8 0 8 – –
ZEN 12 67 20 26 0 10 36 36 – –
Laying hens ZEN 98 47 48 53 1 10 34 34 186 186
Pet food, birds α‐ZAL 1 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
ZEN 15 7 15 15 20 20 20 20 – –
Pet food, cats/Complete feed ZEN 4 50 19 24 12 17 38 38 – –
Pet food, dogs ZEN 7 86 4 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Poultry (starter diets) α‐ZAL 52 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
β‐ZAL 52 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
ZEN 132 46 31 35 10 10 38 38 125 125
Rabbits/Complete feed ZEN 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 – –
Unspecified Complementary/Complete feed ZEN 102 34 51 54 15 15 36 36 145 145
Weaning pigs α‐ZAL 42 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
β‐ZAL 42 100 0 13 0 13 0 13 – –
ZEN 345 63 14 19 0 7 12 15 44 44
Compound feed Compound feed α‐ZAL 106 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20
β‐ZAL 106 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20
ZAN 3 67 5 43 0 15 15 100 – –
ZEN 201 69 17 24 0 10 11 12 77 77
Fish, other aquatic animals and products derived thereof Fish Fish meal ZEN 1 100 0 50 0 50 0 50 – –
Forages and roughage, and products derived thereof Cereals straw Cereal straw, treated α‐ZAL 1 100 0 19 0 19 0 19 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 19 0 19 0 19 – –
ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Cereals straw α‐ZAL 40 100 0 19 0 19 0 19 – –
β‐ZAL 40 100 0 19 0 19 0 19 – –
ZEN 41 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Forage meal; [Grass meal]; [Green meal] Forage meal; [Grass meal]; [Green meal] ZEN 4 75 43 80 0 50 85 110 – –
Forages and roughage, and products derived thereof Forages and roughage, and products derived thereof ZEN 11 73 68 108 0 15 1 200 – –
Grass, field dried, [Hay] Grass, field dried, [Hay] α‐ZAL 5 100 0 16 0 16 0 16 – –
β‐ZAL 5 100 0 16 0 16 0 16 – –
ZEN 31 19 57 58 20 20 20 20 – –
Grass, herbs, legume plants, [green forage] ZEN 16 6 18 19 20 20 20 20 – –
Lucerne; [Alfalfa] Lucerne field dried; [Alfalfa field dried] ZEN 1 0 16 16 16 16 16 16 – –
Lucerne meal; [Alfalfa meal] ZEN 2 50 450 451 450 451 900 900 – –
Lucerne, high temperature dried; [Alfalfa, high temperature dried] ZEN 2 50 10 15 10 15 20 20 – –
Maize silage Maize silage α‐ZAL 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
ZEN 59 29 121 124 20 20 75 75 937 937
Land animal products and products derived thereof Animal by‐products Animal by‐products ZEN 1 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 – –
Processed animal protein Processed animal protein ZEN 1 100 0 2 0 2 0 2 – –
Legume seeds and products derived thereof Carob, dried Carob pods, dried ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Horse beans Horse beans ZEN 1 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 – –
Peas Peas α‐ZAL 1 100 0 19 0 19 0 19 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 19 0 19 0 19 – –
ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Sweet lupins Sweet lupins ZEN 1 100 0 3 0 3 0 3 – –
Legumes, nuts and oilseeds Other seeds Other seeds α‐ZAL 5 100 0 46 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZAL 5 100 0 46 0 50 0 50 – –
ZAN 5 100 0 38 0 50 0 50 – –
α‐ZEL 5 100 0 46 0 50 0 50 – –
β‐ZEL 5 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
ZEN 5 100 0 38 0 50 0 50 – –
Minerals and products derived thereof Calcium carbonate; [Limestone] Calcium carbonate; [Limestone] ZEN 1 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 – –
Minerals and products derived thereof Minerals and products derived thereof ZEN 4 75 1 7 0 8 3 10 – –
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ZEN 1 100 0 3 0 3 0 3 – –
Products from the bakery and pasta industry Feed beer α‐ZAL 1 100 0 16 0 16 0 16 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 16 0 16 0 16 – –
ZEN 1 100 0 8 0 8 0 8 – –
Plants by‐products from spirits production ZEN 12 8 222 222 105 105 303 303 – –
Products from the bakery and pasta industry ZEN 4 100 0 9 0 9 0 16 – –
Oil seeds, oil fruits, and products derived thereof Cocoa husks Cocoa husks ZEN 2 0 85 85 85 85 150 150 – –
Cotton seed Cotton seed ZEN 5 40 9 89 5 20 20 200 – –
Niger seed Niger seed ZEN 1 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 – –
Oil seeds, oil fruits, and products derived thereof Oil seeds, oil fruits, and products derived thereof ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Palm kernel expeller Palm kernel expeller ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Rape seed Rape seed α‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
ZEN 4 75 5 12 0 10 10 15 – –
Rape seed meal α‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
ZEN 8 25 11 15 13 20 20 20 – –
Rape seed, expeller α‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
β‐ZAL 1 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
ZEN 5 60 5 35 0 20 5 25 – –
Safflower seed Safflower seed meal, partially decorticated ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Sunflower seed Sunflower seed, unspecified α‐ZAL 42 100 0 21 0 21 0 21 – –
β‐ZAL 42 100 0 21 0 21 0 21 – –
ZEN 47 91 74 83 0 10 0 10 – –
Sunflower seed expeller α‐ZAL 29 100 0 21 0 21 0 21 – –
β‐ZAL 29 100 0 21 0 21 0 21 – –
ZEN 30 97 1 11 0 10 0 10 – –
Sunflower seed meal α‐ZAL 4 100 0 21 0 21 0 21 – –
β‐ZAL 4 100 0 21 0 21 0 21 – –
ZEN 6 83 3 14 0 10 0 20 – –
Sunflower seed meal, dehulled ZEN 2 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 – –
Toasted soya (beans) Soya (bean) expeller α‐ZAL 5 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
β‐ZAL 5 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
ZEN 7 57 36 41 0 10 64 64 – –
Soya (bean) meal ZEN 14 79 7 22 0 20 0 20 – –
Soya (bean) meal, dehulled ZEN 5 20 13 17 20 20 20 20 – –
Soya (bean) protein concentrate ZEN 1 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 – –
Soya beans, extruded ZEN 3 100 0 11 0 15 0 15 – –
Toasted soya (beans), unspecified α‐ZAL 3 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
β‐ZAL 3 100 0 20 0 20 0 20 – –
Oil seeds, oil fruits, and products derived thereof Toasted soya (beans) Toasted soya (beans) ZEN 8 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Other seeds and fruits, and products derived thereof Buckwheat Buckwheat ZEN 1 0 65 65 65 65 65 65 – –
Fruit kernels Fruit pulp, dried ZEN 1 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 – –
Perilla seed Perilla seed ZEN 1 0 14 14 14 14 14 14 – –
Tubers, roots, and products derived thereof Sugar beet (Sugar) beet molasses ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Dried (sugar) beet pulp ZEN 1 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 – –
Dried (sugar) beet pulp, molasses ZEN 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 – –
Sugar beet, unspecified ZEN 1 0 153 153 153 153 153 153 – –

ZEN: zearalenone; ZAL: zearalanol; ZAN: zearalanone; ZEL: zearalenol; N: number of samples; LB: lower bound; UB: upper bound; P75/P95: 75th/95th percentile; RPF: relative potency factor.

a

The 95th percentile with less than 60 observations may not be statistically robust (EFSA, 2011b). Those estimates were not included in this table.

b

Values were rounded to the nearest whole number (0 decimal places).