. 2017 Oct 31;15(10):e05007. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5007

Table A.5.

Findings related to approved active substances: epidemiological assessment and biological plausibility

Active substance	Classification	Strength of presumption^a	Biological plausibility^b
Organophosphates Insecticide
Chlorpyrifos	Acute Tox cat 3	Leukaemia (+) Neurodevelopment (+) NHL (±)	Yes (++) Yes (++) Yes (++)
Dithiocarbamates Fungicide
Mancozeb/Maneb	Repro cat 2	Leukaemia (+) Melanoma (+) Parkinson's disease (in combination with paraquat) (±)	? ? Yes (+)
Phenoxy herbicides Herbicide
2,4‐D MCPA Mecoprop	Acute Tox cat 4 Acute Tox cat 4 Acute Tox cat 4	NHL (+) NHL (±) NHL (±)	? ? ?
Aminophosphonate glycine Herbicide
Glyphosate		NHL (+) Fetal death (±)	? ?

Active substance

Classification

Strength of presumption^a

Biological plausibility^b

Organophosphates

Insecticide

Chlorpyrifos

Acute Tox cat 3

Leukaemia (+) Neurodevelopment (+)

NHL (±)

Yes (++)

Dithiocarbamates

Fungicide

Mancozeb/Maneb

Repro cat 2

Leukaemia (+)

Melanoma (+)

Parkinson's disease

(in combination with paraquat) (±)

Yes (+)

Phenoxy herbicides

Herbicide

2,4‐D

MCPA

Mecoprop

Acute Tox cat 4

NHL (+)

NHL (±)

Aminophosphonate glycine

Herbicide

Glyphosate

NHL (+)

Fetal death (±)

Scoring system: strong presumption (++), moderate presumption (+), weak presumption (±).

Scoring system: (++): hypothesis supported by 3 different known mechanisms of toxicity, (+): hypothesis supported by at least one mechanism of toxicity.