Table 40.

Results of logistic regression for consumption and ‘corrected’ consumption of 3rd‐ and 4th‐generation cephalosporins in food‐producing animals, expressed in mg/kg of estimated biomass, and resistance to 3rd‐ and 4th‐generation cephalosporins in indicator E. coli from food‐producing animals, EU/EEA, 2013–2015 (see also Figure 53)

Year	Consumption	Countries included in the analysis	ORa	95% PL CI	p‐value
2013	National	AT, BE, CH, DK, ES, HU (n = 6)	1.55	0.99–2.57	0.056
2013	‘Corrected’	AT, BE, CH, DK, ES, HU (n = 6)	1.001	1.00+ b–1.002	0.015
2014–2015	National	BE, DE, DK, ES, FR, HR, IT, NO, PT, SE (n = 10)	1.56	1.26–2.01	< 0.001
2014–2015	‘Corrected’	BE, DE, DK, ES, FR, HR, IT, NO, PT, SE (n = 10)	1.00	1.00−–1.001	0.135

OR: odds ratio; PL CI: profile likelihood confidence interval, 95%.

Note: OR varies from 0 to infinity. When OR equals 1 or CI includes 1, the association is not considered statistically‐significant. Regarding resistance data, food‐producing animals include broilers, pigs and cattle for 2013 and broilers, turkeys, pigs and veal calves for 2014–2015.

^aIn the absence of 2013 resistance data, proxy data for years prior to 2013 may have been used.

^bThe lower limit of the 95% PL CI is greater than 1.00.