Table 51.
Occurrence of presumptive ESBL‐ and AmpC‐producing E. coli isolates from meat from bovine animals collected within the specific ESBL‐/AmpC‐/carbapenemase‐producing monitoring and subjected to supplementary testing (Panel 2) in 2015a
| Country | Total number of E. coli testedb | ESBLc | ESBL with clavulanic‐SYN only for CTXd | ESBL with clavulanic‐SYN only for CAZe | AmpCf | AmpC + ESBLg | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | %h | N | %h | n | %h | n | %h | N | %h | ||
| Austria | 7 | 7 | 100 | 1 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Belgiumi | 9 | 7 | 77.8 | 4 | 44.4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 22.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Bulgaria | 13 | 9 | 69.2 | 4 | 30.8 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 46.2 | 2 | 15.4 |
| Croatia | 4 | 4 | 100 | 3 | 75.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cyprusj | 10 | 3 | 30.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 80.0 | 1 | 10.0 |
| Czech Republicj | 40 | 27 | 67.5 | 15 | 37.5 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 35.0 | 1 | 2.5 |
| Denmark | 8 | 8 | 100 | 3 | 37.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Estonia | 3 | 1 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 66.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Finlandk | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| France | 1 | 1 | 100 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Germanyj | 15 | 14 | 93.3 | 5 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 13.3 | 1 | 6.7 |
| Greece | 3 | 1 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 66.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Hungary | 24 | 23 | 95.8 | 9 | 37.5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8.3 | 1 | 4.2 |
| Latvia | 9 | 7 | 77.8 | 3 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 22.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Lithuania | 11 | 10 | 90.9 | 6 | 54.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Netherlands | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Portugal | 12 | 11 | 91.7 | 6 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Romania | 4 | 4 | 100 | 2 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 25.0 | 1 | 25 |
| Slovakia | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 60.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Slovenia | 2 | 1 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Spain | 26 | 20 | 76.9 | 5 | 19.2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 30.8 | 2 | 7.7 |
| Swedenk | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| United Kingdom | 2 | 1 | 50 | 1 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total (23 MSs) | 209 | 159 | 76.1 | 68 | 32.7 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 27.3 | 9 | 4.3 |
| Norway | 3 | 2 | 66.7 | 1 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Switzerland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ESBL: extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase; n= isolates with this phenotype; %: percentage of isolates with this phenotype from the total tested; SYN: synergy; CTX: cefotaxime; CAZ: ceftazidime; MSs: Member States.
According to EUCAST Guidelines (EUCAST, 2013), only isolates showing an MIC > 1 mg/L for cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime (screening breakpoint) were considered (see chapter 1.2.5).
For some MSs, it includes isolates microbiologically resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime but with MIC ≤ 1 mg/L for both antimicrobials, suggesting the presence of other mechanisms (as stated above, were not further classified).
All isolates showing clavulanate synergy with cefotaxime, ceftazidime or both compounds, suggesting the presence of an ESBL (independently of the presence of other mechanisms).
Isolates showing synergy with cefotaxime only, suggesting the presence of an ESBL with cefotaximase activity.
Isolates showing synergy with ceftazidime only, suggesting the presence of an ESBL with ceftazidimase activity.
Isolates with microbiological resistance to cefoxitin, suggesting the presence of an AmpC‐enzyme (independently of the presence of other mechanisms).
Isolates showing synergy with cefotaxime or ceftazidime and with microbiological resistance to cefoxitin, suggesting the presence of ESBL and AmpC‐enzymes in the same isolate. These isolates are also included in the ESBL and AmpC columns.
Percentage of the total number of E. coli isolates tested with panel 2.
Molecular data were reported by Belgium. At least two isolates were confirmed as positive for CTX‐M‐1 ESBL‐encoding genes.
Some of these isolates were reported as microbiologically resistant to carbapenems (Belgium, 1 isolate resistant to meropenem, ertapenem and imipenem but not confirmed as carbapenemase‐producer; Czech Republic, Lithuania and Spain, with 1, 1, and 3 isolates resistant to ertapenem, and 1 isolate from Portugal resistant to imipenem).
Finland and Sweden investigated 300 and 289 samples, respectively. None tested positive.