Table 53.
Occurrence of presumptive ESBL‐ and AmpC‐producing E. coli isolates from fattening pigs collected within the specific ESBL‐/AmpC‐/carbapenemase‐producing monitoring and subjected to supplementary testing (Panel 2) in 2015a
| Country | Total number of E. coli testedb | ESBLc | ESBL with clavulanic‐SYN only for CTXd | ESBL with clavulanic‐SYN only for CAZe | AmpCf | AmpC + ESBLg | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | ||
| Austria | 134 | 124 | 92.5 | 63 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 9 | 2 | 1.5 |
| Belgiumi | 174 | 164 | 94.3 | 66 | 37.9 | 1 | 0.6 | 11 | 6.3 | 1 | 0.6 |
| Bulgaria | 72 | 61 | 84.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 18.1 | 2 | 2.8 |
| Croatiai | 34 | 16 | 47.1 | 7 | 20.6 | 1 | 2.9 | 16 | 47.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Cyprus | 14 | 10 | 71.4 | 5 | 35.7 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 21.4 | 3 | 21.4 |
| Czech Republici | 93 | 65 | 69.9 | 44 | 47.3 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 36.6 | 6 | 6.5 |
| Denmark | 78 | 19 | 24.4 | 13 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 74.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Estonia | 33 | 26 | 78.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 21.2 | 1 | 3 |
| Finland | 9 | 1 | 11.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 88.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Francei | 107 | 97 | 90.7 | 27 | 25.2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 9.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Germanyi | 155 | 132 | 85.2 | 43 | 27.7 | 2 | 1.3 | 29 | 18.7 | 6 | 3.9 |
| Greece | 38 | 38 | 100 | 7 | 18.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hungary | 177 | 134 | 75.7 | 64 | 36.2 | 3 | 1.7 | 56 | 31.6 | 13 | 7.3 |
| Irelandi | 44 | 15 | 34.1 | 6 | 13.6 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 63.6 | 1 | 2.3 |
| Latvia | 73 | 60 | 82.2 | 20 | 27.4 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 21.9 | 3 | 4.1 |
| Lithuania | 27 | 27 | 100 | 13 | 48.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Luxembourg | 22 | 18 | 81.8 | 7 | 31.8 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Malta | 68 | 0 | – | 0 | – | 0 | – | 0 | – | 0 | – |
| Netherlands | 56 | 31 | 55.4 | 12 | 21.4 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 44.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Polandi | 112 | 78 | 69.6 | 26 | 23.2 | 1 | 0.9 | 32 | 28.6 | 3 | 2.7 |
| Portugali | 197 | 180 | 91.4 | 57 | 28.9 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 18.3 | 19 | 9.6 |
| Romaniai | 223 | 186 | 83.4 | 72 | 32.3 | 6 | 2.7 | 46 | 20.6 | 10 | 4.5 |
| Slovakiai | 59 | 12 | 20.3 | 5 | 8.5 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 81.4 | 2 | 3.4 |
| Slovenia | 44 | 43 | 97.7 | 20 | 45.5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4.5 | 1 | 2.3 |
| Spaini | 281 | 264 | 94 | 87 | 31 | 1 | 0.4 | 27 | 9.6 | 10 | 3.6 |
| Sweden(j) | 35 | 3 | 8.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 77.1 | 0 | 0 |
| United Kingdomi | 82 | 65 | 79.3 | 32 | 39 | 1 | 1.2 | 21 | 25.6 | 4 | 4.9 |
| Total (27 MSs) | 2,441 | 1,869 | 76.6 | 696 | 28.5 | 16 | 0.66 | 569 | 23.3 | 87 | 3.6 |
| Norwayi | 29 | 1 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 100 | 1 | 3.4 |
| Switzerland | 77 | 51 | 66.2 | 20 | 26 | 2 | 2.6 | 19 | 24.7 | 1 | 1.3 |
ESBL: extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase; n= isolates with this phenotype; %: percentage of isolates with this phenotype from the total tested; SYN: synergy; CTX: cefotaxime; CAZ: ceftazidime; MSs: Member States.
According to EUCAST Guidelines (EUCAST, 2013), only isolates showing an MIC > 1 mg/L for cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime (screening breakpoint) were considered (see chapter 1.2.5).
For some MSs, it includes isolates microbiologically resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime but with MIC ≤ 1 mg/L for both antimicrobials, suggesting the presence of other mechanisms (not further classified).
All isolates showing clavulanate synergy with cefotaxime, ceftazidime or both compounds, suggesting the presence of an ESBL (independently of the presence of other mechanisms).
Isolates showing synergy with cefotaxime only, suggesting the presence of an ESBL with cefotaximase activity.
Isolates showing synergy with ceftazidime only, suggesting the presence of an ESBL with ceftazidimase activity.
Isolates with microbiological resistance to cefoxitin (MIC ≥ 8 mg/L), suggesting the presence of an AmpC‐enzyme (independently of the presence of other mechanisms).
Isolates showing synergy with cefotaxime or ceftazidime and with microbiological resistance to cefoxitin, suggesting the presence of ESBL and AmpC‐enzymes in the same isolate. These isolates are also included in the ESBL and AmpC columns.
Percentage of the total number of E. coli isolates tested (with panel 2).
Some of these isolates were reported as microbiologically resistant to carbapenems (resistance to ertapenem: 1 Croatia, 2 Czech Republic, 1 France, 2 Ireland, 2 Poland, 1 Portugal, 4 Romania, 4 Slovakia, 6 Spain, 2 United Kingdom; Belgium, 5 isolate resistant to ertapenem and 1 to imipenem; Norway, 2 resistant to ertapenem and 1 resistant to imipenem; Germany, 1 isolate resistant o meropenem, ertapenem and imipenem and confirmed as carbapenemase‐producer by this MSs).
Molecular data were reported by Sweden. Four of the isolates were positive for CTX‐M‐55 (2 isolates) or CTX‐M‐15 (UOE‐1, 1 isolate) ESBL‐encoding genes, or CMY‐2 AmpC‐encoding genes (only found in one isolate the ones with AmpC‐phenotype).