Table 5.

The Panel's conclusions on the pest categorisation criteria defined in Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 on protective measures against pests of plants (the number of the relevant sections of the pest categorisation is shown in brackets in the first column)

Criterion of pest categorisation	Panel's conclusions against criterion in Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 regarding Protected Zone quarantine pest	Panel's conclusions against criterion in Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 regarding Union regulated non‐quarantine pest	Key uncertainties
Identity of the pest (Section  3.1)	The identity of the pest is established. It can be identified to species using conventional entomological keys	The identity of the pest is established. It can be identified to species using conventional entomological keys	None
Absence/presence of the pest in the EU territory (Section 3.2)	I. typographus is present and widely distributed in 22 EU MSs. The protected zones, Ireland and the United Kingdom, are free from the pest	I. typographus is present and widely distributed in the EU, it has been reported from 22 EU MSs. The protected zones, Ireland and the United Kingdom, are free from the pest	None
Regulatory status (Section 3.3)	The pest is currently officially regulated by 2000/29/EC on plants of Abies, Larix, Picea, Pinus and Pseudotsuga, over 3 m in height, other than fruit and seeds, wood of conifers (Coniferales) with bark, isolated bark of conifers I. typographus is regulated as a quarantine pest in protected zones (Annex IIB): Ireland, United Kingdom	The pest is currently officially regulated by 2000/29/EC on plants of Abies, Larix, Picea, Pinus and Pseudotsuga, over 3 m in height, other than fruit and seeds, wood of conifers (Coniferales) with bark, isolated bark of conifers I. typographus is regulated as a quarantine pest in protected zones (Annex IIB): Ireland, United Kingdom	None
Pest potential for entry, establishment and spread in the EU territory (Section 3.4)	Entry: The pest is already established in 22 MSs. Since entry by natural spread from EU areas where the pest is present is possible, only isolated areas (e.g. islands) can be long‐term protected zones Establishment: The climate of the EU Protected Zones is similar to that of MSs where I. typographus is established, and the pest's main host plants are present Spread: Adults can disperse naturally. They can fly over tens of kilometres or even more. The pest can also spread by human assistance, e.g. with the transportation of wood, wood chips, bark, wood packaging material and dunnage of conifers	Plants for planting are not a pathway; therefore, other criteria for consideration as regulated non‐quarantine pest do not need to be assessed	There are 16 records of interceptions on ‘unclassified plant material’ in the Europhyt database
Potential for consequences in the EU territory (Section 3.5)	The pest is known to have killed millions of trees, after triggering events such as storms or dry summers	Plants for planting are not a pathway; therefore, other criteria for consideration as regulated non‐quarantine pest do not need to be assessed	None This is illustrated by the pest's past history in the EU
Available measures (Section 3.6)	In isolated areas (e.g. islands) that cannot be reached by natural spread, measures can be put in place to prevent the introduction with wood, wood products, wood chips, bark and plants for planting. Debarking wood and heat treatment of wood, bark and chips, and inspection of plants for planting are effective. If limited entry occurs nevertheless, spread and establishment are unlikely to occur When such geographical barriers do not exist, there is no possibility to prevent the entry, establishment and spread of I. typographus	Plants for planting are not a pathway; therefore, other criteria for consideration as regulated non‐quarantine pest do not need to be assessed	Geographic barrier Entry: inspections are difficult Establishment and spread: wide dispersal upon emergence and very high Allee threshold of this mass‐attacking beetle No geographic barrier none
Conclusion on pest categorisation	All criteria assessed by EFSA above for consideration as potential protected zone quarantine pest were met	The criteria for considering I. typographus as a potential regulated non‐quarantine pest are not met since plants for planting are not a pathway	Listed above
Aspects of assessment to focus on/scenarios to address in future if appropriate	Further analysis of the effects of wide dispersal upon emergence and high Allee thresholds could lower the uncertainties regarding the risks of establishment and spread