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. 2017 Sep 5;15(9):e04977. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4977
Crop Region/indoora Residue levels observed in the supervised residue trials relevant to the supported GAPs (mg/kg)

Recommendations/comments

(OECD calculations)

MRL proposals

(mg/kg)

HRMo

(mg/kg)b

STMRMo

(mg/kg)c

CFd
Citrus fruits EU (drenching: 50 g a.i./hL; WHP: 0 day)

Mo [whole fruit] Oranges: 0.57; 0.59; 0.6; 0.66; 0.66; 0.84; 1.36; 1.4; 2.06; 2.09; 2.2; 2.2; 2.46; 2.58; 2.59; 2.81; 2.89; 3.12; 4.95

Mo [whole fruit] – Mandarins: 0.49; 0.6; 1.3; 1.51; 1.6; 1.8; 1.8; 2.19; 2.26; 2.4; 2.66; 2.72; 3.34; 4.84

RA [whole fruit] Oranges: ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; 2.09; ‐; ‐; 2.46; 2.58;‐; 2.81; ‐; ‐; ‐

RA [whole fruit] Mandarins: ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; 2.27; ‐; 2.68; 2.75; 3.36; ‐

Combined data set on oranges and mandarins, compliant with GAP (EFSA, 2010; Netherlands, 2015; Spain, 2016). Residue levels of R014821 may slightly increase with the waiting period.

Rber = 5.25

Rmax = 4.46

MRLOECD: not relevante

6

(tentative)f

4.95 2.09 1

Mo [Pulp] – Oranges: 5 × < 0.01; 0.02; 0.03; 0.04; 0.09; 0.12; 0.21; 0.69

Mo [Pulp] – Mandarins: 0.02; 0.02; 0.05; 0.08; 0.12; 0.18; 0.43; 0.48

Residue levels directly measured in pulp and coming from the same set of residue trials as above were reported for a refined risk assessment 0.69 0.05 1g

Oranges Grapefruits

(fall‐back option)

EU (waxing: 300 g a.i./hl Volume of 1 L/ton fruits equivalent to 3 g a.i./ton; WHP: 0 day)

Mo [whole fruit] Oranges: 0.43; 0.47; 1.1; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; 1.7; 2.1

Mo [whole fruit] – Mandarins: 1.2; 1.5; 1.6; 1.7; 2.1; 2.3

RA : ‐

Combined data set on oranges and mandarins, compliant with GAP (Spain, 2016).

Rber = 3.60

Rmax = 2.89

MRLOECD: not relevante

4

(tentative)f

2.3 1.5 1g

Mo [Pulp] – Oranges: 4 × < 0.01

Mo [Pulp] – Mandarins: < 0.01; 0.02

Residue levels directly measured in pulp and coming from the same set of residue trials as above were reported for a refined risk assessment 0.02 0.01 1g

Apples

Pears

EU (drenching: 25–30 g a.i./hL; WHP: 0 day)

Mo Apples: 0.3; 0.39; 0.42; 0.55; 0.57; 0.59; 0.63; 0.65; 0.76; 0.84; 0.89; 0.9; 1; 1.33

Mo Pears: 0.34; 0.35; 0.38; 0.45; 0.50; 0.57; 0.66; 0.7; 0.82; 1.02; 1.15; 1.23; 1.24; 1.45; 2.0; 2.1; 2.28; 3.5

RA Apples: ‐

RA Pears: ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; 0.82; 1.02; 1.15; 1.23; 1.24; 1.45; ‐; 2.1; 2.28; ‐

Combined data set on apples and pears, compliant with GAP (Belgium, 1996; Netherlands, 2016, Spain, 2016).

Rber = 2.42

Rmax = 2.47

MRLOECD: not relevante

4 3.50 0.73 1
EU (drenching: 38 g a.i./hL; WHP: 60 days)

Mo Apples: 0.4; 0.53; 0.66; 0.75; 1.55; 1.71; 1.81; 2.11; 2.38; 2.77

Mo Pears: 1.2; 1.4

RA Apples: ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; 1.69; ‐; 1.95; 2.19; ‐; 2.82

RA Pears: ‐; ‐

Combined data set on apples and pears, compliant with GAP (Netherlands, 2015; Spain, 2016).

Rber = 3.57

Rmax = 4.07

MRLOECD: not relevante

4 2.77 1.48 1
EU (smoke can: 6 g a.i./tonnes; WHP: 30 days)

Mo Apples: 0.36, 0.38

Mo Pears: 0.74, 0.79

RA: ‐

Combined data set on apples and pears, compliant with GAP (Spain, 2016).

Rber = 1.56

Rmax = 1.75

MRLOECD: not relevante

2

(tentative)h

0.79 0.56 1g
Bananas EU (post‐harvest dipping)

Mo [whole fruit]: 2.12; 2.61; 2.71; 2.8

RA [whole fruit]: 2.76; 2.64; 2.76; 2.83

Trials compliant with GAP (Greece, 2016). No data available on pulp at the relevant PHI (35 days).

Rber = 5.56

Rmax = 4.12

MRLOECD: not relevante

5

(tentative)h

2.80 2.66 1
Potatoes EU (ware potatoes, post‐harvest spraying)

Mo: 0.46; 0.88; 1.51; 1.83; 2.65; 3.4i; 4.1i; 4.5i; 4.6i

RA: ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; ‐; 3.4i; 4.1i; 4.5i; 4.6i

Trials compliant with GAP (Netherlands, 2015).

Rber = 8.6

Rmax = 7.43

MRLOECD: not relevante

9 (tentative)i 4.60 2.65 1
NEU (seed potatoes, post‐harvest spraying)

Mo: 10 × < 0.01

RA: ‐

Trials compliant with GAP (France, 2016). Metabolite R014821 not expected to occur after seed treatment 0.01* 0.01 0.01 1j
SEU (seed potatoes, post‐harvest spraying)

Mo: 10 × < 0.01

RA: ‐

Trials compliant with GAP (France, 2016). Metabolite R014821 not expected to occur after seed treatment 0.01* 0.01 0.01 1j
Tomatoes EU

Mo: 0.03; 0.03; 0.08; 0.08; 0.09; 0.16; 0.15; 0.14

RA:

Trials on tomatoes compliant with GAP. Metabolite R014821 not expected to occur (EFSA, 2010).

MRLOECD = 0.3

0.3 0.16 0.09 1j
Sweet peppers/bell peppers EU No data available

Cucumbers

Gherkins

Courgettes

EU

Mo: 0.02; 0.05; 0.01; 0.02

RA: 0.02; 0.05; 0.01; 0.02

Trials performed on cucumbers. Two first trials compliant with GAP. Two additional trials performed with 3 applications instead of 4 (Netherlands, 2016).

MRLOECD = 0.09

0.1 (tentative)h 0.05 0.02 1
Melons EU (post‐harvest drenching

Mo: 0.47; 0.47; 0.47

RA:

Trials performed with drench application (25% deviation on the application rate) (Belgium, 1996)

Barley grains

Oats grains

Rye grains

Wheat grains

NEU

Mo: 4 × < 0.05; 4 × < 0.01

RA:

Trials performed on barley and compliant with GAP (Belgium, 1996; EFSA, 2010). Based on NEU and SEU trials, an MRL of 0.01* mg/kg can be proposed. Metabolite R014821 not expected to occur (EFSA, 2010) 0.01* 0.01 0.01 1j
SEU

Mo: 4 × < 0.01

RA:

Barley straw

Oat straw

Rye straw

Wheat straw

NEU

Mo: 4 × < 0.01

RA:

Trials on barley compliant with GAP (EFSA, 2010). Based on NEU and SEU trials, an MRL of 0.01* mg/kg can be proposed. Metabolite R014821 not expected to occur (EFSA, 2010) 0.01* 0.01 0.01 1j
SEU

Mo: 4 × < 0.01

RA:

GAP: Good Agricultural Practice; OECD: Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development; MRL: maximum residue level; WHP: withholding period; PHI: preharvest interval; Mo: monitoring; RA: risk assessment.

* Indicates that the MRL is proposed at the limit of quantification.

a

NEU: Outdoor trials conducted in northern Europe, SEU: Outdoor trials conducted in southern Europe, Indoor: indoor EU trials or Country code: if non‐EU trials.

b

Highest residue according to the residue definition for monitoring.

c

Supervised trials median residue according to the residue definition for monitoring.

d

Conversion factor for risk assessment; median of the individual conversion factors at the supported PHI for each residues trial (if trials analysing for both residue definition are available).

e

MRLOECD calculator is not relevant for data obtained by post‐harvest treatment as it may artificially overestimate the MRL calculation derived from homogeneous data set.

f

MRL is tentative because the storage stability of the metabolite R014821 is not covered in commodities with high acid content.

g

In the absence of trials analysing for metabolite R014821, a CF of 1 is assumed based on the results observed on the other fruit commodities following post‐harvest treatment (with short WHP).

h

MRL is tentative because additional residue data trials are still required.

i

Highest residue levels were observed after a DAT longer than 0 day in samples that were washed before analysis; therefore the whole results are deemed questionable and are used on a tentative basis to derive MRL and risk assessment values.

j

Although data for metabolite R014821 are not available (or limited), a conversion factor (CF) of 1 can be considered as the metabolite R014821 is not expected to occur for this GAP.