Table 2.
Initial list of proposed AMC and AMR indicators in humans for ranking
| Initial list of proposed indicators (AMC) |
|---|
| Total consumption of antibacterials for systemic use J01 |
| Combinations of penicillins including β‐lactamases, 2nd‐ and 3rd‐generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones |
| Ratio of the consumption of broad‐spectrum penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides and fluoroquinolones (J01(CR+DC+DD+(F‐FA01)+MA)) to the consumption of narrow‐spectrum penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides (J01(CE+DB+FA01)) |
| Macrolides (except erythromycin) J01FA (−J01FA01) |
| Carbapenems J01DH |
| Glycopeptides, 3rd‐ and 4th‐generation cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, polymyxins, piperacillin and enzyme inhibitor, linezolid, tedizolid, daptomycin |
| Initial list of proposed indicators (AMR) |
| Escherichia coli resistant to 3rd‐generation cephalosporins |
| Meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to macrolides |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin |
| Salmonella Enteritidis resistant to 3rd‐generation cephalosporins |
| Campylobacter spp. resistant to fluoroquinolones |
| Escherichia coli resistant to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and 3rd‐generation cephalosporins |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and 3rd‐generation cephalosporins |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to three or more antimicrobial groups among piperacillin + tazobactam, ceftazidime, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and carbapenems |
| Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to carbapenems |
| Enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin |