Table 6.

Synoptic table of proposed indicators (for a description of the indicators see Sections 3.2–3.5)

	Humans		Food‐producing animals
	AMC	AMR	AMC	AMR
Primary indicators	Total consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (DDD per 1,000 inhabitants and per day)	Proportion of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 3rd‐generation cephalosporin‐resistant Escherichia coli (3GCR E. coli) given as two individual numbers	Overall sales of veterinary antimicrobials (mg/PCU)	Proportion of indicator E. coli from broilers, fattening turkeys, fattening pigs and calves, weighted by PCU, fully susceptible to a predefined panel of antimicrobials
Secondary indicators	Ratio of the consumption of broad‐spectrum penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides (except erythromycin) and fluoroquinolones to the consumption of narrow‐spectrum penicillins, cephalosporins and erythromycin	Proportion of Klebsiella pneumoniae with combined resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and 3rd‐generation cephalosporins	Sales of 3rd‐ and 4th‐generation cephalosporins (mg/PCU)	Proportion of samples positive for presumptive ESBL‐/AmpC‐producing indicator E. coli from broilers, fattening turkeys, fattening pigs and calves weighted by PCU
	Proportion of total hospital AMC that are glycopeptides, 3rd‐ and 4th‐generation cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, polymyxins, piperacillin and enzyme inhibitor, linezolid, tedizolid and daptomycin (DDD per 1,000 inhabitants and per day)	Proportion of penicillin‐resistant and macrolide‐resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae	Sales of quinolones (mg/PCU), specifying the proportion of fluoroquinolones	Proportion of indicator E. coli from broilers, fattening turkeys, fattening pigs and calves, weighted by PCU, resistant to at least three antimicrobials from different classes included in a predefined panel of antimicrobials
		Proportion of carbapenem‐ resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae	Sales of polymyxins (mg/PCU)	Proportion of indicator E. coli from broilers, fattening turkeys, fattening pigs and calves, weighted by PCU, resistant to ciprofloxacin

AMC: antimicrobial consumption; AMR: antimicrobial resistance; DDD: defined daily doses; PCU: population correction unit.