Table 12.
Carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of nitrosamines generated in cured meat
| Substance | CAS no. | Carcinogenicity | Genotoxicityd | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IARC Groupa | BMDL10 b (mg/kg bw per day) | EPA Predictionc | |||
| Volatile nitrosamines | |||||
| NDMA (N‐nitrosodimethylamine) | 62‐75‐9 | 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) | 0.027 | Highly likely to be a potent carcinogen | Genotoxic in vitro and in vivo |
| NMOR (N‐nitrosomorpholine) | 58‐89‐2 | 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) | 0.7 | Highly likely to be a moderately active carcinogen | Genotoxic in vitro and in vivo |
| NMEA (N‐nitrosomethylethylamine) | 10595‐95‐6 | 2B | – | Highly likely to be a moderately active carcinogen | Positive in vitro (DNA binding) |
| NPYR (N‐nitrosopyrrolidine) | 930‐55‐2 | 2B | 0.16 | Likely to be a moderately active carcinogen | Genotoxic in vitro and in vivo |
| NDEA (N‐nitrosodiethylamine) | 55‐18‐5 | 2A | 0.018 | Highly likely to be a potent carcinogen | Genotoxic in vitro and in vivo |
| NPIP (N‐nitrosopiperidine) | 100‐75‐4 | 2B | – | Highly likely to be a moderately active carcinogen | Genotoxic in vitro |
| NDPA (N‐nitrosodi‐n‐propylamine) | 621‐64‐7 | 2B | – | Highly likely to be a potent carcinogen | Genotoxic in vitro |
| Non‐volatile nitrosamines | |||||
| NHPRO (N‐nitrosohydroxyproline | 30310‐80‐6 | 3 (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans) | – | Unlikely to be carcinogenic | No data |
| NPRO (N‐nitrosoproline) | 7519‐36‐0 | 3 | – | Unlikely to be carcinogenic | Limited negative data (Ames test) |
| NSAR (N‐nitrososarcosine) | 13256‐22‐9 | 2B | – | Likely to be weakly carcinogenic | Limited negative data (host‐mediated assay) |
| NMA (N‐nitrosomethylaniline) | 614‐00‐6 | – | – | Not applicable | Limited positive data in vitro (Ames test) |
| NDBA (N‐nitrosodibutylamine) | 924‐16‐3 | 2B | – | Highly likely to be a moderately active carcinogen | Genotoxic in vitro and in vivo (Ames test, V79/hprt, in vivo comet and SCE) |
| NDiBA (N‐nitrosodiisobutylamine) | 997‐95‐5 | – | – | Not available | Limited positive data in vitro (Ames, V79/hprt) |
| NDBzA (N‐nitrosodibenzylamine) | 5336‐53‐8 | – | – | Likely to be weakly carcinogenic | Limited positive data in vitro (Ames test) |
| NHMTCA (N‐nitroso‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid) | 99452‐46‐7 | – | – | Unlikely to be carcinogenic | No data |
| NTCA (N‐Nitroso‐thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid) | 88381‐44‐6 | – | – | Unlikely to be carcinogenic | No data |
| NMTCA (N‐Nitroso‐2‐methyl‐thiazolidine 4‐carboxylic acid) | 103659‐08‐1 | – | – | Unlikely to be carcinogenic | No data |
| NPIC (N‐nitrosopipecolic acid) | 4515‐18‐8 | – | – | Not applicable | No data |
a
IARC Monographs supplement 7, 1987 (http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/list/monographs/index.php).
b
SCCS, 2012 Opinion on Nitrosamines and Secondary Amines in Cosmetic Products (http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_072.pdf).
c
According to EPA expert system OncoLogic™ 8.0 (2015).
d
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm).