Reference	Number of women (number of samples)	Country	Maternal dietary intake (mean ± SD)	Maternal serum/plasma (phylloquinone/menaquinone) concentration yes/n.a.	Stage of lactation	Phylloquinone concentration in breast milk (μg/L) (mean ± SD)	Menaquinone concentration in breast milk (μg/L) (mean ± SD)		Comments
Haroon et al. (1982)	20 (unsupplemented) 1 (supplemented)	UK	n.a. 20 mg (one dose)	n.a. n.a.	n.a. ~ 6 months post‐partum	2.1 (1.1–6.5) 140	n.a. n.a.		No information was given as to whether infants were full‐term or not
Fournier et al. (1987)	10	FR	n.a.	n.a.	21 days post‐partum	9.18 (4.85–12.76) (median (range))	n.a.		Full‐term infants
von Kries et al. (1987b)	9 (unsupplemented) 1 (supplemented)	DE	n.a. 100 μg (one dose)	a. n.a.	8–36 days post‐partum	1.2 (median) 4.9	n.a. n.a.		Full‐term infants The authors considered transitional (days 8–15) and mature (days 22–36) milk as one group (days 8–36) as there were no significant differences in phylloquinone concentration Breast milk phylloquinone concentration of the supplemented woman at baseline (before supplementation) was 2.5 μg/L Breast milk phylloquinone concentration is given for one supplemented mother for whom phylloquinone administration and milk sampling techniques were standardised
Canfield et al. (1990)	7 (16) 15	US	n.a.	n.a.	1 month post‐partum	2.94 ± 1.94 (pooled samples) 3.15 ± 2.87 (mean of individuals)	n.a.		Infants were growing within normal limits and free of illness No explicit information was given as to whether infants were full‐term or not
Canfield et al. (1991)	15 (45)	US	n.a.	n.a.	1–6 months post‐partum	2.87 ± 2.40 (mean of all determinations)	n.a.		No explicit information was given as to whether infants were full‐term or not Samples assayed in triplicate at each time point (1, 3 and 6 months)
Greer et al. (1991)	11 (study part 1) 23 (study part 2)	US	Supplementation, 20 mg (one dose) Unsupplemented (μg/day) 302 ± 361 296 ± 169 436 ± 667	Yes Yes	2–6 months post‐partum Weeks post‐partum 6 12 26	130 ± 188 0.86 ± 0.52 1.14 ± 0.72 0.87 ± 0.5	n.a. n.a.		No information was given as to whether infants were full‐term or not Breast milk phylloquinone concentration at baseline (before supplementation) was 1.11 ± 0.82 μg/L Maternal intakes of phylloquinone exceeded the DRV of 1 μg/kg body weight per day Full‐term infants
Pietschnig et al. (1991)	20 (supplemented) 16 (unsupplemented)	AT	Mean (range) from food and supplement (μg/day) 442 (226–778) 386 (223–687) Supplementation (μg/day) 88 ± 40 (from 4 through 91 days post‐partum) Mean (range) (μg/day) 417 (134–1,224) 391 (209–695)	n.a. n.a.	Days post‐partum 27–29 89–91 Days post‐partum 25–29 87–91	Mean (range) 1.36 (0.40–3.81) 1.67 (0.56–8.61) Mean (range) 1.68 (0.64–2.91) 1.78 (0.80–4.11)	n.a. n.a.		Full‐term infants Average maternal intake exceeded the DRV for lactating women (55 μg/day) by 670% The supplemental intake of 88 ± 40 μg/day was calculated on average over the whole study period Full‐term infants
Greer et al. (1997)	Phase 1 –preliminary investigation) 10 10 Phase 2 (supplementation study) 11 11	US	Supplementation (daily for 6 weeks, starting within 3 days of delivery) 2.5 mg 5 mg Supplementation (daily for 12 weeks (starting time not reported)) 0 (placebo) 5 mg	Yes Yes	Weeks post‐partum 2 6 2 6 Weeks post‐partum 2 6 12 Weeks post‐partum 2 6 12	27.12 ± 12.18 22.43 ± 16.62 58.96 ± 25.39 44.1 ± 24.10 1.17 ± 0.7 1.14 ± 0.46 1.17 ± 0.40 76.53 ± 26.98 75.27 ± 46.23 82.10 ± 40.10	n.a. n.a.		Full term infants Breast milk phylloquinone concentration at baseline (before supplementation) was 0.63 ± 0.58 μg/L (2.5 mg group) and 0.92 ± 0.62 μg/L (5 mg/day) No information was given as to whether infants were full‐term or not Breast milk phylloquinone concentration at baseline (before supplementation) was 0.69 ± 0.39 μg/L (5 mg group) and 1.10 ± 0.75 μg/L (placebo)
Thijssen et al. (2002)	8 8 8 7	NL	(Dietary intake not reported) Daily supplementation (from day 4 to day 16 post‐partum) 0 (control) 0.8 mg 2 mg 4 mg	Yes Yes Yes Yes	Days post‐partum 16 19 Days post‐partum 16 19 Days post‐partum 16 19 Days post‐partum 16 19	2.2 ± 0.64 2.2 ± 1.33 11.05 ± 4.57 5.57 ± 5.64 27.33 ± 14.24 5.44 ± 2.09 62.93 ± 20.66 20.23 ± 17.95	MK‐4 0.96 ± 0.4 0.79 ± 0.28 1.55 ± 1.15 1.44 ± 1.14 2.46 ± 1.5 1.34 ± 0.6 7.33 ± 4.07 4.40 ± 2.30		Full‐term infants
Kojima et al. (2004)	(416)	JP	n.a.	n.a.	Days post‐partum 21–89 90–179 180–365	1.95 ± 0.88 2.21 ± 4.29 1.55 ± 0.88	MK‐4 1.85 ± 0.41 1.35 ± 0.35 1.28 ± 0.31		No explicit information was given as to whether infants were full‐term or not Infants with birth weight higher than 2.5 kg
Kamao et al. (2007a)	43 18 8 5	JP	n.a.	n.a.	Days post‐partum 11–30 31–90 91–180 181–270	3.94 ± 2.45 3.53 ± 1.45 2.30 ± 1.22 3.41 ± 1.46	MK‐4 1.80 ± 0.66 1.78 ± 0.55 1.19 ± 0.34 1.51 ± 0.42	MK‐7 1.67 ± 2.73 0.80 ± 0.75 1.36 ± 1.29 0.92 ± 0.92	No information on the health status of the infants or if they were born at term or not

AT: Austria; DE: Germany; DRV: dietary reference value; FR: France; JP: Japan; MK: menaquinone; n.a.: not applicable; NL: the Netherlands; SD: standard deviation; UK: United Kingdom; US: United States.