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. 2017 May 22;15(5):e04780. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4780
Age class Country Survey Intakesb expressed in μg per day Intakesb expressed in μg per MJ
nc Average Median P5 P95 Average Median P5 P95
< 1 year a Finland DIPP 247 34 35 4 67 18d 16d 7d 34d
Germany VELS 84 43 39 7 111 13 12 2 34
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 9 23 14 –b –b 8 4 –b –b
United Kingdom DNSIYC_2011 699 61 56 20 116 18 17 6 31
1–< 3 years Finland DIPP 245 42 39 15 74 12 11 4 20
Germany VELS 174 51 36 12 137 11 8 3 30
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 20 51 41 –b –b 11 9 –b –b
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 107 51 45 19 106 12 11 4 21
United Kingdom DNSIYC_2011 663 53 43 18 106 11 10 5 25
3–< 10 years Finland DIPP 381 45 40 21 81 8 7 4 13
France INCA2 239 62 52 17 139 10 8 3 26
Germany EsKiMo 426 67 51 21 157 9 6 3 21
Germany VELS 146 47 36 16 122 9 6 3 21
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 94 91 68 30 235 13 9 4 37
Netherlands DNFCS2007 231 93 54 19 364 11 6 3 39
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 326 68 60 20 144 11 9 4 26
10–< 18 years Finland NWSSP07_08 136 73 70 29 129 9 8 4 15
France INCA2 449 80 62 22 183 10 8 3 24
Germany EsKiMo 197 69 55 21 171 9 7 3 21
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 108 143 85 43 367 16 9 4 45
Netherlands DNFCS2007 566 112 69 28 377 11 6 3 35
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 340 80 66 26 178 10 8 4 22
18–< 65 years Finland FINDIET2012 585 92 81 30 180 10 9 3 22
France INCA2 936 103 89 28 228 12 10 4 27
Ireland NANS_2012 634 84 71 26 182 9 7 3 19
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 1,068 161 115 40 440 18 13 5 53
Netherlands DNFCS2007 1,023 157 93 35 637 14 8 3 56
Sweden Riksmaten 2010 623 91 77 31 184 9 8 4 20
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 560 103 84 32 244 12 9 4 28
65–< 75 years Finland FINDIET2012 210 94 81 32 200 12 10 4 26
France INCA2 111 130 116 42 240 16 14 5 30
Ireland NANS_2012 72 96 84 23 212 11 9 4 24
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 133 196 152 52 531 24 15 7 74
Netherlands DNFCS2007 91 155 89 43 553 17 11 4 53
Sweden Riksmaten 2010 127 92 80 37 167 11 10 5 19
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 75 119 104 39 230 15 13 5 26
≥ 75 years France INCA2 40 135 104 –b –b 18 16 –b –b
Ireland NANS_2012 34 72 57 –b –b 9 9 –b –b
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 69 157 110 52 360 18 13 5 42
Sweden Riksmaten 2010 42 104 87 –b –b 12 10 –b –b
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 56 88 82 –b –b 12 11 –b –b

DIPP: type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention survey; DNFCS: Dutch National Food Consumption Survey; DNSIYC: Diet and Nutrition Survey of Infants and Young Children; EsKiMo: Ernährungsstudie als KIGGS‐Modul; FC_PREGNANTWOMEN: food consumption of pregnant women in Latvia; FINDIET: the national dietary survey of Finland; INCA: étude Individuelle Nationale des Consommations Alimentaires; INRAN‐SCAI: Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione – Studio sui Consumi Alimentari in Italia; NANS: National Adult Nutrition Survey; NDNS: National Diet and Nutrition Survey; NWSSP: Nutrition and Wellbeing of Secondary School Pupils; VELS: Verzehrsstudie zur Ermittlung der Lebensmittelaufnahme von Säuglingen und Kleinkindern für die Abschätzung eines akuten Toxizitätsrisikos durch Rückstände von Pflanzenschutzmitteln.

a

Infants between 1 and 11 months. The proportions of breastfed infants were 58% in the Finnish survey, 40% in the German survey, 44% in the Italian survey, and 21% in the UK survey. Most infants were partially breastfed. The consumption of breast milk was taken into account if the consumption was reported as human milk (Italian survey) or if the number of breast milk consumption events was reported (German and UK surveys). For the German study, the total amount of breast milk was calculated based on the observations by Paul et al. (1988) on breast milk consumption during one eating occasion at different age groups: the amount of breast milk consumed on one eating occasion was set to 135 g/eating occasion for infants between 6 and 7 months of age and to 100 g/eating occasion for infants between 8–12 months of age (Kersting and Clausen, 2003). For the UK survey, the amount of breast milk consumed was either directly quantified by the mother (expressed breast milk) or extrapolated from the duration of each breastfeeding event. As no information on the breastfeeding events were reported in the Finnish survey, breast milk intake was not taken into consideration in the intake estimates of Finnish infants.

b

5th or 95th percentile intakes calculated from fewer than 60 subjects require cautious interpretation as the results may not be statistically robust (EFSA, 2011b) and, therefore, for these dietary surveys/age classes, the 5th and 95th percentile estimates are not presented in the intake results.

c

n: number of subjects.

d

The intake expressed as μg/MJ is referring to 245 male subjects of the Finnish DIPP study as energy intake was not reported for two subjects.