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. 2017 May 22;15(5):e04780. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4780
Age class Country Survey Intakesb expressed in μg/day Intakesb expressed in μg/MJ
nc Average Median P5 P95 Average Median P5 P95
< 1 yeara Finland DIPP 253 33 32 5 69 22e 17e 8e 45e
Germany VELS 75 36 33 10 77 12 12 3 24
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 7 31 32 –b –b 10 9 –b –b
United Kingdom DNSIYC_2011 670 53 50 11 100 17 17 4 31
1–< 3 years Finland DIPP 255 36 34 12 72 11 10 4 20
Germany VELS 174 46 37 12 120 11 8 3 29
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 16 50 37 –b –b 10 7 –b –b
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 78 52 47 18 103 12 11 5 22
United Kingdom DNSIYC_2011 651 50 44 16 102 13 11 4 26
3–< 10 years Finland DIPP 369 42 37 19 84 8 7 4 15
France INCA2 243 63 50 19 160 11 9 4 28
Germany EsKiMo 409 65 50 19 166 10 7 3 23
Germany VELS 147 50 37 14 137 10 7 3 28
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 99 85 65 20 223 12 9 3 30
Netherlands DNFCS2007 216 70 49 22 164 9 6 3 21
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 325 65 57 22 139 11 10 4 23
10–< 18 years Finland NWSSP07_08 170 71 68 34 115 11 10 6 18
France INCA2 524 70 57 19 178 12 9 3 30
Germany EsKiMo 196 74 56 20 200 10 8 3 29
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 139 111 79 30 322 15 10 4 51
Latviad FC_PREGNANTWOMEN_2011 12 88 67 –b –b 9 7 –b –b
Netherlands DNFCS2007 576 95 60 26 336 12 7 3 42
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 326 68 57 24 140 10 9 4 22
18–< 65 years Finland FINDIET2012 710 90 80 27 176 13 11 4 28
France INCA2 1,340 105 86 27 244 17 14 5 41
Ireland NANS_2012 640 81 68 25 187 11 9 4 25
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 1,245 157 114 40 432 23 15 6 64
Latviad FC_PREGNANTWOMEN_2011 990 88 76 32 171 11 9 4 20
Netherlands DNFCS2007 1,034 135 78 26 516 17 10 3 60
Sweden Riksmaten 2010 807 98 82 33 213 13 11 5 28
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 706 101 86 27 218 16 13 5 36
65–< 75 years Finland FINDIET2012 83 75 32 154 14 12 6 25 83
France INCA2 125 105 44 268 21 17 9 43 125
Ireland NANS_2012 96 81 24 200 15 12 4 33 96
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 169 120 38 392 25 17 7 62 169
Netherlands VCPBasis_AVL2007_2010 151 82 22 505 23 12 4 66 151
Sweden Riksmaten 2010 89 75 39 186 13 12 6 25 89
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 107 97 28 240 18 15 5 42 107
≥ 75 years France INCA2 44 120 102 –b –b 20 17 –b –b
Ireland NANS_2012 43 89 76 –b –b 14 12 –b –b
Italy INRAN_SCAI_2005_06 159 164 121 33 466 25 16 6 74
Sweden Riksmaten 2010 30 111 108 –b –b 16 16 –b –b
United Kingdom NDNS‐Rolling Programme Years 1–3 83 88 79 32 177 15 13 6 31

DIPP: type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention survey; DNFCS: Dutch National Food Consumption Survey; DNSIYC: Diet and Nutrition Survey of Infants and Young Children; EsKiMo: Ernährungsstudie als KIGGS‐Modul; FC_PREGNANTWOMEN: food consumption of pregnant women in Latvia; FINDIET: the national dietary survey of Finland; INCA: étude Individuelle Nationale des Consommations Alimentaires; INRAN‐SCAI: Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione – Studio sui Consumi Alimentari in Italia; NANS: National Adult Nutrition Survey; NDNS: National Diet and Nutrition Survey; NWSSP: Nutrition and Wellbeing of Secondary School Pupils; VELS: Verzehrsstudie zur Ermittlung der Lebensmittelaufnahme von Säuglingen und Kleinkindern für die Abschätzung eines akuten Toxizitätsrisikos durch Rückstände von Pflanzenschutzmitteln.

a

Infants between 1 and 11 months. The proportions of breastfed infants were 58% in the Finnish survey, 40% in the German survey, 44% in the Italian survey and 21% in the UK survey. Most breastfed infants were partially breastfed. The consumption of breast milk was taken into account if the consumption was reported as human milk (Italian survey) or if the number of breast milk consumption events was reported (German and UK surveys). For the German study, the total amount of breast milk was calculated based on the observations by Paul et al. (1988) on breast milk consumption during one eating occasion at different age groups: the amount of breast milk consumed on one eating occasion was set to 135 g/eating occasion for infants between 6 and 7 months of age and to 100 g/eating occasion for infants between 8 and 12 months of age (Kersting and Clausen, 2003). For the UK survey, the amount of breast milk consumed was either directly quantified by the mother (expressed breast milk) or extrapolated from the duration of each breastfeeding event. As no information on the breastfeeding events were reported in the Finnish survey, breast milk intake was not taken into consideration in the intake estimates of Finnish infants.

b

5th or 95th percentile intakes calculated from fewer than 60 subjects require cautious interpretation as the results may not be statistically robust (EFSA, 2011b) and, therefore, for these dietary surveys/age classes, the 5th and 95th percentile estimates are not presented in the intake results.

c

n: number of subjects.

d

Pregnant women only.

e

The intake expressed as μg/MJ is referring to 251 female subjects of the Finnish DIPP study as energy intake was not reported for two subjects.