Table A.1.

The 2016 updated list of QPS status recommended biological agents for safety risk assessments carried out by EFSA Scientific Panels and Units

Bacteria
Gram‐positive non‐sporulating bacteria
Species			Qualifications a
Bifidobacterium adolescentis Bifidobacterium animalis	Bifidobacterium bifidum Bifidobacterium breve	Bifidobacterium longum
Carnobacterium divergens f
Corynebacterium ammoniagenes r	Corynebacterium glutamicum b		QPS applies for production purposes only.n , o
Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus amylolyticus Lactobacillus amylovorus Lactobacillus animalis k Lactobacillus alimentarius Lactobacillus aviaries Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus buchneri Lactobacillus casei c Lactobacillus cellobiosus Lactobacillus collinoides Lactobacillus coryniformis Lactobacillus crispatus Lactobacillus curvatus	Lactobacillus delbrueckii Lactobacillus dextrinicus s Lactobacillus diolivorans i Lactobacillus farciminis Lactobacillus fermentum Lactobacillus gallinarum Lactobacillus gasseri Lactobacillus helveticus Lactobacillus hilgardii Lactobacillus johnsonii Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens Lactobacillus kefiri Lactobacillus mucosae Lactobacillus panis	Lactobacillus paracasei Lactobacillus paraplantarum Lactobacillus pentosus Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus pontis Lactobacillus reuteri Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus salivarius Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis
Lactococcus lactis
Leuconostoc citreum Leuconostoc lactis	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides
Microbacterium imperiale f			QPS only applies when the species is used for enzyme production.
Oenococcus oeni
Pasteuria nishizawae h
Pediococcus acidilactici	Pediococcus parvulus i	Pediococcus pentosaceus
Propionibacterium acidipropionici	Propionibacterium freudenreichii
Streptococcus thermophilus
Gram‐positive spore‐forming bacteria
Bacillus
Species			Qualifications a
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus atrophaeus Bacillus clausii Bacillus coagulans Bacillus flexus i	Bacillus fusiformis Bacillus lentus Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus megaterium	Bacillus mojavensis Bacillus pumilus Bacillus smithii j Bacillus subtilis Bacillus vallismortis	Absence of toxigenic activity.
Geobacillus stearothermophilus			Absence of toxigenic activity.
Gram‐negative bacteria
Species			Qualifications a
Gluconobacter oxydans			QPS only applies when the species is used for vitamin production.
Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans p , q			QPS applies for production purposes only.n
Xanthomonas campestris g			QPS only applies when the species is used for the production of xanthan gum.
Yeasts e
Species			Qualifications
Candida cylindracea f			QPS only applies when the species is used for enzyme production.
Debaryomyces hansenii
Hanseniaspora uvarum
Kluyveromyces lactis	Kluyveromyces marxianus
Komagataella pastoris	Komagataella phaffi l		QPS only applies when the species is used for enzyme production.
Lindnera jadinii			QPS only applies when the species is used for enzyme production.
Ogataea angusta			QPS only applies when the species is used for enzyme production.
Saccharomyces bayanus	Saccharomyces cerevisiae d	Saccharomyces pastorianus	Absence of resistance to antimycotics used for medical treatment of yeast infections in cases where viable cells are added to the food or feed chain. In the case of Saccharomyces cerevisiae this qualification applies for yeast strains able to grow above 37°C.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Wickerhamomyces anomalus			QPS only applies when the species is used for enzyme production. Absence of resistance to antimycotics used for medical treatment of yeast infections in cases where viable cells are added to the food or feed chain.
Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
Yarrowia lipolytica m			QPS applies for production purposes only.n
Viruses
Plant viruses
Family
Alphaflexiviridae	Potyviridae
Insect viruses
Family
Baculoviridae
Algae
Euglena gracilis r			QPS applies for production purposes only.n

QPS: Qualified Presumption of Safety.

A specific representative of a QPS proposed taxonomic unit, does not need to undergo a further safety assessment other than to satisfy any of the qualifications specified if applicable. On the other hand, representatives of taxonomic units that fail to satisfy a qualification would be considered unfit for the QPS list and would remain subject to a full safety assessment, in the frame of a notification by the responsible EFSA Scientific Panel.

^aGeneric qualification for all QPS bacterial taxonomic units: the strains should not harbour any acquired antimicrobial resistance genes to clinically relevant antimicrobials.

^b Brevibacterium lactofermentum is a synonym of Corynebacterium glutamicum.

^cThe previously described species ‘Lactobacillus zeae’ has been included in the species Lactobacillus casei.

^d Saccharomyces cerevisiae, subtype boulardii is contraindicated for persons with fragile health, as well as for patients with a central venous catheter in place.

^eYeast synonyms commonly used in the feed/food industry:

• Debaryomyces hansenii – anamorph Candida famata;

• Hanseniaspora uvarum – anamorph Kloeckera apiculata;

• Kluyveromyces lactis – anamorph Candida spherica;

• Kluyveromyces marxianus – anamorph Candida kefyr;

• Komagataella pastoris – synonym Pichia pastoris;

• Lindnera jadinii – synonyms Pichia jadinii, Hansenula jadinii, Torulopsis utilis, anamorph Candida utilis;

• Ogataea angusta – synonym Pichia angusta;

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae – synonym Saccharomyces boulardii;

• Saccharomyces pastorianus – synonym Saccharomyces carlsbergensis;

• Wickerhamomyces anomalus – synonyms Hansenula anomala, Pichia anomala, Saccharomyces anomalus, anamorph Candida pelliculosa;

• Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous – anamorph Phaffia rhodozyma.

^fMicroorganisms recommended in the Panel Statement published in December 2014 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2014).

^gMicroorganisms recommended in the Panel Statement published in June 2015 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2015a).

^hMicroorganisms recommended in the Panel Statement published in December 2015 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2015b).

ⁱMicroorganisms recommended in this Panel Statement published in July 2016 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2016).

^jMicroorganisms recommended in the Panel Statement published in March 2017 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2017a).

^kMicroorganisms recommended in the Panel Statement published in July 2017 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2017b).

^lMicroorganisms recommended in the Panel Statement published in January 2018 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2018).

^mMicroorganisms recommended in the Panel Statement published in July 2018 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2018b).

ⁿThe qualification ‘for production purpose only’ implies the absence of viable cells of the production organism in the final product and can also be applied for food and feed products based on microbial biomass.

^oQualification that QPS only applies when the species is used for amino acid production was extended for Corynebacterium glutamicum to other production purposes in the Panel Statement published in January 2019 and July 2019 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2019a,b).

^pBasonym Acetobacter xylinus subsp. sucrofermentans.

^qMicroorganisms recommended in the Panel Statement published in January 2019 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2019a).

^rMicroorganism recommended in the Panel Statement published in July 2019 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2019b).

^s Lactobacillus dextrinicus (Coster and White, 1964) Haakensen et al., 2009, comb. nov., previously Pediococcus dextrinicus (Coster and White, 1964; Back, 1978). Name change indicated in the Panel Statement published in July 2019 (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2019b).