Table 9.

Summary of maximum, mean and ratio values for DON and DON‐3‐glucoside based on published studies on occurrence in grain‐based food products (except beer) from a total of 360 samples

Country	Type of samples	Number of samples	Maximum DON (μg/kg)	Maximum DON‐3‐glucoside (μg/kg)	Mean DON (μg/kg)	Mean DON‐3‐glucoside (μg/kg)	Ratio DON‐3‐glucoside/DON based on maximum	Ratio DON‐3‐glucoside/DON based on mean	Referencea
Belgium	Fibre‐enriched bread Bran‐enriched bread Corn flakes Popcorn Oatmeal	52 36 61 12 13	138 127 718 442 91	425 103 63 96 97	n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.	n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.	3.08 0.81 0.09 0.21 1.07	− − − − −	De Boevre et al. (2012)
Belgium	Bread Breakfast cereals	25 20	n.r. n.r.	n.r. n.r.	316 n.r.	n.r. n.r.	− −	− −	Vanheule et al. (2014)
Czech Republic	White flour products Mixed flour products Breakfast cereals Snacks Flours	17 36 7 34 22	350 431 347 320 594	30 41 66 94 72	n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.	n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.	0.09 0.10 0.19 0.29 0.12	− − − − −	Malachova et al. (2011)
Czech Republic	Wheat, wheat‐rye, multi cereal and sunflower baguettes BIO wheat flakes	14 1	431 347	33 46	252 347	25 46	0.08 0.13	0.10 0.13	Zachariasova et al. (2012)
Germany Poland Romania UK	Durum semolina Barley flour Oat flour Wheat flour Malt syrup Wheat flour Wheat flour	1 1 1 2 1 1 3	177 5.5 6.3 n.r. < LOD 45 1,478	12 < LOQ n.r. 2.6 < LOD 4.8 99	177 5.5 6.3 n.r. < LOD 45 n.r.	12 < LOQ n.r. n.r. < LOD 4.8 n.r.	0.07 − − − − 0.11 0.07	0.07 − − − − 0.11 −	Desmarchellier et al. (2011)
Overall mean							0.43	0.10
Overall median							0.12	0.10

n.r.: not reported; < LOD: not detected; < LOQ: not quantified; −: could not be calculated by the CONTAM Panel.

^aVendl et al. (2010) analysed DON and DON‐3‐glucoside in a number of different grain products from Austria and the UK. They reported quantified maximum DON concentrations only for a few products and < LOD for DON‐3‐glucoside for all analysed products. Therefore the ratios could not be calculated and are not reported in Table.