Table 4.

Advantages and disadvantages of traps types for different vector species

Vector	Trap	Advantages	Disadvantages
Ticks	Direct collection	Species of relevance are collected on animals. There is no bias due to trapping Specimens can be analysed for virus detection	Time and manpower‐consuming Difficult for long term sampling
Culicoides	Light trap	Ideal for long term studies Several farms can be sampled at the same time with little manpower Specimens can be analysed for virus detection	Initial investment on equipment Some bias on collected species may occur due to the type of trap
Mosquitoes	Light trap and/or CO2 trap	Ideal for long‐term studies Several farms can be sampled at the same time with little manpower Specimens can be analysed for virus detection	Initial investment on equipment Some bias on collected species may occur due to the type of trap It requires a constant source of CO2 Diurnal mosquitoes require different types of traps
Stable fly	Various glue traps	Easy‐to‐operate, cheap and efficient	Flies stay on traps The identification of species may be difficult Extraction of DNA for virus detection is almost impossible
Horn fly	Sweeping net	Probably the best method for trapping adults Insects can be kept alive and used further for virus detection Insects are actually feeding on the host Other feeding insects can be trapped as well	Sweeping may disperse the flies and low numbers may be obtained Can only be done when animals are restrained as most animals are not tamed It is time‐consuming and manpower is required
Tabanids	Liquid trap	Efficient, easy‐to‐operate and cheap Insects can be used later	Do not reflect actual feeding flies, but water‐seeking flies
	Canopy trap	Efficient for host seeking flies Insects can be used later	Commercial traps can be expensive and may require baits for trapping improvement
	L‐shape sticky trap	Efficient trap It collects both host‐seeking and water‐seeking vectors	Insects cannot be used for further analysis
Flies on host	Counting	This method reflects the actual feeding vectors It does not require a specific setting	This method will not yield flies for further testing It requires trained personnel to identify the flies from distance
	Vacuum‐based trap	This method reflects the actual feeding vectors It yields a large number of flies	Expensive Requires manpower