Fig 6. Cytokine production by THP-1 exposed and non-exposed to e-vapor extract and CS extract.

Macrophages were exposed to 10% CS extract, 100% e-vapor base extract with and without nicotine and e-vapor coffee flavor extract with and without nicotine. Macrophages were uninfected or infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. (A) tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). (B) Interleukin 8 (IL-8). (C) interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β). (D) interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The results are expressed as the average and standard deviation of at least two independent experiments.