Table 2.
Baseline, 1-, and 3-Year Follow-up Characteristics of Patients With Primary Aldosteronism According to Subtype
| Patient Characteristics | Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism (n = 66) | P | Bilateral Primary Aldosteronism (n = 82) | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Assessment | Baseline | 1 y After ADX | 3 y After ADX | Baseline | 1 y After MRA | 3 y After MRA | ||
| Age, y | 52 [46; 59] | -- | -- | NC | 51 [44; 59] | -- | -- | NC |
| Sex, F/M | 24/42 | -- | -- | NC | 32/50 | -- | -- | NC |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.2 [24.9; 32.1] | 28.4 [24.5; 31.2] -- | -- 28.2 [24.7; 30.3] | 0.182 0.805 | 27.0 [23.9; 30.7] | 26.4 [23.6; 30.1] -- | -- 27.4 [23.8; 31.1] | 0.948 0.108 |
| Aldosterone, ng/L | 226 [153; 368]a | 57 [35; 92] -- | -- 80 [51; 111] | <0.001 <0.001 | 134 [100; 192]a | 208 [139; 315] -- | -- 250 [167; 354] | <0.001 <0.001 |
| Plasma renin, mU/L | 4.0 [2.0; 9.5] | 16.4 [8.0; 27.8] -- | -- 21.0 [8.0; 40.4] | <0.001 <0.001 | 4.1 [2.7; 7.4] | 15.4 [5.5; 28.8] -- | -- 19.4 [7.1; 39.2] | <0.001 <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 152 [139; 166] | 135 [122; 147] -- | -- 132 [123; 139] | <0.001 <0.001 | 149 [137; 166] | 132 [124; 141] -- | -- 130 [119; 143] | <0.001 <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 94 [84; 102] | 89 [82; 95] -- | -- 86 [80; 93] | 0.001 0.001 | 93 [85; 101] | 85 [79; 92] -- | -- 86 [78; 93] | <0.001 <0.001 |
| 24-h SBP, mm Hgb | 145 [139; 154] | 131 [124; 138] -- | -- 131 [119; 137] | <0.001 <0.001 | 143 [134; 155] | 132 [122; 140] -- | -- 129 [124; 139] | <0.001 <0.001 |
| 24-h DBP, mm Hgb | 93 [84; 99] | 81 [76; 87] -- | -- 81 [77; 87] | <0.001 <0.001 | 90 [83; 99] | 82 [77; 87] -- | -- 82 [77; 87] | <0.001 <0.001 |
| DDD, no. | 3.0 [1.4; 4.0] | 1.2 [0.0; 3.4] -- | -- 1.0 [0.0; 2.7] | <0.001 <0.001 | 2.0 [1.0; 4.3] | 2.0 [1.0; 3.7] -- | -- 2.0 [0.7; 3.2] | 0.759 0.712 |
| Serum sodium, mmol/L | 141 [139; 143]a | 139 [138; 141] -- | -- 140 [138; 141] | <0.001 0.008 | 140 [139; 142]a | 139 [137; 140] -- | -- 139 [138; 141] | <0.000 0.043 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L | 3.4 [3.0; 3.5]a | 4.2 [3.9; 4.5] -- | -- 4.4 [4.2; 4.5] | <0.001 <0.001 | 3.7 [3.4; 3.9]a | 4.1 [3.9; 4.3] -- | -- 4.4 [4.1; 4.6] | <0.001 <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 [0.7; 1.1] | 1.1 [0.8;1.2] -- | -- 1.0 [0.9; 1.2] | <0.001 <0.001 | 0.9 [0.7; 1.0] | 1.0 [0.8; 1.1] -- | -- 1.0 [0.9; 1.1] | <0.001 <0.001 |
| GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 84 [69; 100] | 69 [57; 81] -- | -- 65 [54; 76] | <0.001 <0.001 | 85 [75; 99] | 76 [63; 87] -- | -- 73 [59; 83] | <0.001 <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 56 [45; 66] | 49 [42; 64] -- | -- 53 [42; 62] | <0.001 0.015 | 59 [45; 71] | 53 [40; 64] -- | -- 53 [45; 66] | <0.001 0.012 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 116 [93; 150] | 114 [92; 143] -- | -- 108 [83; 138] | 0.969 0.291 | 122 [101; 144] | 124 [101; 143] -- | -- 123 [87; 149] | 0.189 0.792 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 86 [65; 128]a | 109 [79; 174] -- | -- 119 [85; 166] | <0.001 <0.001 | 108 [71; 142]a | 128 [87; 178] -- | -- 120 [83; 188] | <0.001 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 187 [168; 224] | 187 [163; 217] -- | -- 185 [157; 219] | 0.857 0.673 | 196 [175; 220] | 196 [173; 231] -- | -- 195 [170; 227] | 0.693 0.526 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 99 [92; 110] | 97 [91; 106] -- | -- 98 [92; 109] | 0.044 0.763 | 98 [90; 113] | 99 [91; 109] -- | -- 100 [93; 111] | 0.848 0.047 |
| HbA1c, %b | 5.3 [5.0; 5.7] | 5.5 [5.2; 5.7] -- | -- 5.4 [5.2; 5.7] | 0.002 0.001 | 5.4 [5.1; 5.7] | 5.5 [5.3; 5.8] -- | -- 5.5 [5.3; 5.9] | <0.001 <0.001 |
| proBNP, pg/mLb | 110 [62; 212]a | 52 [34; 86] -- | -- 48 [31; 126] | <0.001 <0.001 | 78 [43; 135]a | 51 [28; 115] -- | -- 47 [23; 93] | <0.001 <0.001 |
| Proteinuria, mg/d | 176 [130; 254]a | 98 [78; 122] -- | -- 103 [80; 125] | <0.001 <0.001 | 128 [103; 160]a | 106 [84; 129] -- | -- 115 [88; 144] | <0.001 0.005 |
| 24-h urinary potassium, mmol/d | 105 [76; 143]a | 67 [51; 86] -- | -- 70 [48; 82] | <0.001 <0.001 | 80 [62; 101]a | 70 [53; 87] -- | -- 67 [50; 87] | 0.001 0.001 |
| 24-h urinary sodium, mmol/d | 205 [161; 263]a | 176 [128; 256] -- | -- 174 [134; 226] | 0.012 0.007 | 178 [132; 222]a | 179 [117; 235] -- | -- 183 [138; 247] | 0.475 0.584 |
| Estimated salt intake, g/d | 11.9 [9.4; 15.4]a | 10.3 [7.5; 15.0] -- | -- 10.2 [7.8; 13.2] | 0.012 0.007 | 10.4 [7.7; 12.9]a | 10.4 [6.8; 13.7] -- | -- 10.7 [8.1; 14.4] | 0.475 0.584 |
Data are given as median, and 25th and 75th percentile in square brackets. Significance is marked in bold. Comparisons to baseline values were performed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and by Mann-Whitney U test.
Abbreviations: 24-h DBP, 24-hour diastolic blood pressure; 24-h SBP, 24-hour systolic blood pressure; ADX, adrenalectomy; BPA, bilateral primary aldosteronism; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DDD, defined daily doses of antihypertensive medication; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment; NC, not calculated; proBNP, pro b-type natriuretic peptide; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UPA, unilateral primary aldosteronism.
aDifferences between baseline values of both groups, for P < 0.05.
bBecause of incomplete data, the calculations for 24-h SBP and 24-h DBP (UPA n = 52, BPA n = 61), HbA1c (UPA n = 55, BPA n = 75), and pro-BNP (UPA n = 59, BPA n = 78) were performed with a reduced number of patients as listed in brackets.