Table 3.

Characterizing the “operation profile” of a surgical procedure. Modified from Vincent et al.¹⁵

Factor	Components measured
Patient factors	Cancer stage and grade Age Preoperative functional status Body mass index Education level
Surgical team	Familiarity with procedure Experience of previous work together Fatigue Stress
Processes and procedures	Adequacy of notes and management plan Consent and patient preparation Anesthetic procedures
Key operative events	Blood loss Minor and major complications Error compensation and recovery
Flow of information following patient	Handover
Surgeon technical skills	Surgeon judgement Surgeon knowledge informing intraoperative decision making Manual dexterity
Surgeon non-technical skills	Surgeon’s ability to work with a team Cognitive skills (situation awareness, anticipating problems) Strategies for workload distribution
Team performance	Team communication Leadership Safety culture Responsiveness and flexibility
Decision-making and situation awareness	Patient limitations Operation limitations Surgeon’s limitations Team limitations
Operative environment	Availability and adequacy of facilities Availability and adequacy of equipment Noise and lighting Distractions
Interruptions	Phone calls, messages, events outside the operating room