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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Densitom. 2019 Jul 10;22(4):567–589. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.07.002

Table 2.

Precision Estimates for DXA Areal Bone Mineral Density (aBMD) and Bone Mineral Content (BMC) in Pediatric Populations

Reference Country Study population Platform ROI Precision estimates1
aBMD BMC
Forearm
Shepherd, et al, 2011 USA n = 155 (70 F)
 age: 6–16 yr2 		Hologic 33% radius, nondominant arm Overall: 1.65%
 6–9 yr: 1.91%
 10–13 yr: 1.39%
 14–16 yr: 1.66%
Tang, et al, (2007) China n = 33
 age: not specified		 Hologic 33% radius + ulna, left arm
 UD radius + ulna, left arm		 33% radius + ulna: 1.03%
 UD radius + ulna: 1.35%
Soderpalm, et al, (2007) Sweden n = 20 (0 F)
 age: 6–37 yr		 GE Lunar Not specified 1.3%
Maimoun, et al, (2013) France Not specified Hologic Not specified, dominant arm <1%
Proximal Femur
Zanchetta, et al, (1995) Argentina n= 40
 age = 2–20 yr		 Norland Total hip 1.5%
Faulkner, et al, (1996) Canada Not specified Hologic Femral neck 0.9%
Cromer, et al, (2004) USA Not specified Hologic Total hip 1.4%
Leonard, et al, (2009) Canada n: 15(9 F) age 10 yr;
 17 (9 F) age 10–18 yr		 Hologic Total hip <10 yr: 1.6%
 10–18 yr: 1.0 %
Baxter Jones, et al, (2010) Canada n: not specified
 age: “young adults”		 Hologic Total hip
 Femoral neck		 Total hip: 1.4%
 Femoral neck: 3.5%
Khadilkar, et al, (2011) India n = 31 (17 F)
 age: 11.6 ± 4 yr		 GE Lunar
 (Pencil beam)		 Femoral neck 4.2%
Jeddi, et al, (2013) Iran n = 10
 age: “children”		 Hologic Femoral neck 2.4%
Liu, et al, (2013) China n = 15 each at 7 different centers
 age: not specified		 Hologic Hip Joint
 Femoral neck		 Hip joint: 1.02%–1.79%
 Femoral neck: 1.39%–2.33%
Shepherd, et al, (2013) USA n = 155 (70 F)
 age: 6–16 yr		 Hologic Total Hip
 Femoral neck		 Total hip:

  • 6–9 yr: 1.23%

  • 10–13 yr: 0.75%

  • 14–16 yr: 0.65%

  • 6–16 yr: 0.85%


Femoral neck:

  • 6–9 yr: 1.56%

  • 10–13 yr: 1.21%

  • 14–16 yr: 1.16%

  • 6–16 yr: 1.29%
Lateral Distal Femur
Henderson, (2002) USA n=5
 age: “children”		 Hologic
 (Pencil Beam)		 R1, R2, R3 Mean Absolute ± SE
 R1: 2.9 ± 0.8%
 R2: 2.3 ± 0.7%
 R3: 2.6 ± 1.2%
Modelesky, (2008) USA n=8
 age: 8–12 yr
 Cerebral palsy		 Hologic Not specified 3.6% 4.0%
Henderson, (2010) USA n = 30
 age: 5–17 yr
 Limited mobility		 Hologic
 (Pencil Beam)		 R1, R2, R3 R1: 2.6%
 R2: 2.0%
 R3: 2.1%
Hobby, (2013) USA not specified Hologic Not specified 5%–7%
Damcott, (2013) USA n = 14
 age: 4–9 yr
 Nonambulatory		 GE Lunar Not specified 4.5%
Fan, (2018)3 USA n = 51
 age: 1–4 yr		 Hologic R1, R2, R3 R1: 2.3%
 R2: 1.9%
 R3:1.9%		 R1: 4.11%
 R2:1.7%
 R3:1.9%

F, females; ROI, region of interest; UD, ultra-distal; yr, years.

1

Percent coefficient of variation, unless otherwise specified.

2

Precision studies conducted in healthy children, unless otherwise specified.

3

Abstract only.