Table 5.
Descriptive statistics for observational and report measures (PRS and CCC-2) and Direct assessment (DA), correlations and significance of difference between measures: 2 × group × 2 gender ANOVA
| Comparison items | Mean RS (SD) Mean SS (SS–SD) PRS |
Mean RS (SD) Mean SS (SS–SD) DA |
Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| PRS total (max score 68)–bridging coherence (max score 18) | |||
| All participants (n:50) correlation | 9.38 (10.11) | 14.73 (2.41) | p < .001 r = − .510 |
| FwTD (n:13) |
1.77 (1.88) − .75 (.19) |
16.08 (1.19) − .56 (.49) |
Group: p <.001 |
| MwTD (n:13) |
2.69 (2.68) − .66 (.27) |
15.54 (1.94) − .34 (.80) |
|
| FwASD (n:13) |
11.38 (8.82) .20 (.88) |
14.62 (2.63) .048 (1.09) |
Gender: p = .002 |
| MwASD (n:13) |
21.69 (8.03) 1.21 (.79) |
12.69 (2.32) .85 (.96) |
|
| Interaction: p = .022 | |||
| PRS total (max score 68)–figurative language (max score 21) | |||
| All participants (n:50) correlation | 9.38 (10.11) | 16.85 (3.14) | p < .001 r = − .504 |
| FwTD (n:13) |
1.77 (1.88) − .75 (.19) |
19.38 (.97) − .81 (.28) |
Group: p = .635 |
| MwTD (n:13) |
2.69 (2.68) − .66 (.27) |
17.54 (2.76) − .22 (.88) |
|
| FwASD (n:13) |
11.38 (8.82) .20 (.88) |
16.46 (2.33) .12 (.74) |
Gender: p = .165 |
| MwASD (n:13) |
21.69 (8.03) 1.21 (.79) |
14.00 (3.42) .91 (.74) |
|
| Interaction: p = .187 | |||
| PRS speech and language (max score 8)–BPVS (max score 132) | |||
| All participants (n:50) correlation | 1.04 (1.55) | 109.69 (13.01) | p = .007 r = − .372 |
| FwTD (n:13) |
.08 (.28) − .62 (.18) |
111.31 (5.63) − .12 (.43) |
Group: p = .051 |
| MwTD (n:13) |
.15 (.38) − .57 (.24) |
116.08 (7.70) − .49 (.59) |
|
| FwASD (n:13) |
1.08 (.76) .025 (4.91) |
106.69 (16.34) .23 (1.26) |
Gender: p = .019 |
| MwASD (n:13) |
2.85 (1.99) 1.17 (1.29) |
104.69 (16.65) .38 (1.28) |
|
| Interaction: p = .326 | |||
| PRS speech and language (max score 8)–CELF recalling sentences (max score 95) | |||
| All participants (n:50) correlation | 1.04 (1.55) | 69.00 (12.71) | p = .001 r = − .447 |
| FwTD (n:13) |
.08 (.28) − .62 (.18) |
72.23 (12.71) − .25 (1.00) |
Group: p = .220 |
| MwTD (n:13) |
.15 (.38) − .57 (.24) |
74.23 (10.83) − .41 (.85) |
|
| FwASD (n:13) |
1.08 (.76) .025 (4.91) |
68.85 (10.13) .01 (.80) |
Gender: p = .070 |
| MwASD (n:13) |
2.85 (1.99) 1.17 (1.29) |
60.69 (13.76) .65 (1.09) |
|
| Interaction: p = .607 | |||
| CCC2 | DA | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CCC2 language in context (max score 15)–bridging coherence (max score 18) | |||
| All participants (n:50) correlation | 7.76 (7.12) | 14.73 (2.41) | p < .001 r = − .525 |
| FwTD (n:11) |
.64 (1.29) − 1.00 (.18) |
16.08 (1.19) .56 (.49) |
Group: p = .002 |
| MwTD (n:13) |
2.08 (3.57) − .80 (.50) |
15.54 (1.94) .34 (.80) |
|
| FwASD (n:13) |
12.92 (4.50) .72 (.63) |
14.62 (2.63) − .048 (1.09) |
Gender: p = .223 |
| MwASD (n:13) |
14.31 (3.99) .92 (.56) |
12.69 (2.32) − .85 (.96) |
|
| Interaction: p = .264 | |||
| CCC2 language in context (max score 15)–figurative language (max score 21) | |||
| All participants (n:50) correlation | 7.76 (7.12) | 16.85 (3.14) | p < .001 r = − .560 |
| FwTD (n:11) |
.64 (1.29) − 1.00 (.18) |
19.38 (.97) − .81 (.28) |
Group: p = .009 |
| MwTD (n:13) |
2.08 (3.57) − .80 (.50) |
17.54 (2.76) − .22 (.88) |
|
| FwASD (n:13) |
12.92 (4.50) .72 (.63) |
16.46 (2.33) .12 (.74) |
Gender: p = .042 |
| MwASD (n:13) |
14.31 (3.99) .92 (.56) |
14.00 (3.42) .91 (.74) |
|
| Interaction: p = 757 | |||
| CCC2 semantics (max score 15)–CELF word association (max score 132) | |||
| All participants (n:50) correlation | 5.44 (5.32) | 49.06 (12.52) | p = .001 r = − .455 |
| FwTD (n:11) |
1.00 (1.79) − .83 (.34) |
56.62 (8.89) − .60 (.71) |
Group: p = .008 |
| MwTD (n:13) |
1.31 (2.21) − .78 (.42) |
51.69 (11.93) − .21 (.95) |
|
| FwASD (n:13) |
10.23 (5.10) .90 (.96) |
48.69 (13.44) .03 (1.07) |
Gender: p = .028 |
| MwASD (n:13) |
8.54 (3.20) .58 (.60) |
39.23 (9.52) .78 (.76) |
|
| Interaction: p = .141 | |||
| CCC2 syntax (max score 15)–CELF recalling sentences (max score 95) | |||
| All participants (n:50) correlation | 2.86 (4.204) | 69.00 (12.71) | p < .001 r = − .495 |
| FwTD (n:11) |
.00 (.00) − .68 (.00) |
72.23 (12.71) − .25 (1.00) |
Group: p = .063 |
| MwTD (n:13) |
.46 (.97) − .57 (.23) |
74.23 (10.83) − .41 (.85) |
|
| FwASD (n:13) |
6.23 (5.20) .80 (1.24) |
68.85 (10.13) .01 (.80) |
Gender: p = .103 |
| MwASD (n:13) |
4.31 (3.99) .34 (.95) |
60.69 (13.76) .65 (1.09) |
|
| Interaction: p = .017 | |||