Table 1.
Sex differences in currently available parameters to quantify coronary perfusion
| Parameter name (abbreviation) | Method used to calculate perfusion | Imaging modalities using this parameter to quantify perfusion | Sex differences |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fractional flow reserve (FFR) | Pd/Pa at maximal hyperaemia | CAG | None reported [45–52] |
| Index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) | Pd/absolute coronary flow at maximal hyperaemia | CAG | None reported [45, 48] |
| Coronary flow reserve (CFR) | Hyperaemic coronary flow/basal coronary flow | CAG, PET, echocardiography, CMR | Ratio possibly lower in women [48] |
| Myocardial blood flow (MBF) | Absolute myocardial perfusion in mL/min/g | PET, CMR |
Rest and stress MBF higher in women. MBF ratio lower in women [53] |
| Myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) | Myocardial perfusion in stress/myocardial perfusion in rest | CMR | Not yet reported |
CAG coronary angiography, CMR cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, Pa mean proximal coronary artery pressure (mean aortic pressure), PET positron emission tomography, Pd mean distal coronary artery pressure