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. 2020 Feb 10;10:2246. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59055-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PSP improves the spatial memory ability of rats induced by D-galactose. (A) Effects of PSP on the escape latency in the Hidden Platform Search Experiment of D-galactose-induced rats and PSP shortens latency time (p < 0.001). (B–D) Effect of PSP on space exploration test of D-galactose-induced rats. (B) PSP reduces the escape latency of the Space exploration experiment (p < 0.001). (C) PSP enhances the frequency of crossing the former platform (p < 0.05). (D) PSP increases the time percentage of spending in the former platform quadrant (p < 0.05). ^*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 vs. Control group. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs. D-gal group.