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. 2020 Feb 10;10:2257. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59039-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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YL activates hippocampal cells and exhibits cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in vivo. (a,b) Immunostaining of the c-Fos protein. Hippocampal neuronal activity was evaluated by counting c-Fos-positive cells (n = 4). Scale bar, 100 μm. Values are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. *P < 0.05 compared with each group by nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test. (c,d) Co-immunofluorescence staining of BrdU (red) and DAPI (blue). Hippocampal neuronal cell proliferation was evaluated by counting BrdU-positive cells in the whole hippocampus and dentate gyrus (n = 4). Values are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. *P < 0.05 compared with each group by nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test. Scale bar, 100 μm. (e,f) Immunofluorescence staining of Dcx (green). Hippocampal neural maturation was evaluated by immunofluorescence intensity using Image J software (n = 4). Scale bar, 100 μm. Values are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. *P < 0.05 compared with each group by nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test.