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Illustrations of some of the variations in form of the purple-pigmented ventral scales of thalloid liverworts. Left The aquatic form of Ricciocarpos natans (previously Riccia natans) has long ventral scales that extend into the water below the plant. Right Riccia squamata is one of the drought-adapted thalloid liverworts. As the environment dries out it curls over so that the ventral scales encase the thallus. Illustrations are from Lindenberg (1836).
