Table 1.
Demographics of Baltimore census block groups (n = 537).
| Mean | Standard deviation | Minimum | Maximum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Racial/ethnic composition | ||||
| Population | 1003 | 488 | 166 | 3828 |
| Percent Black | 64.8% | 35.8% | 0.0% | 100.0% |
| Percent white | 30.6% | 32.1% | 0.0% | 100.0% |
| Percent Hispanic/Latino | 4.4% | 8% | 0.0% | 45.4% |
| Index of concentration at the extremesa | − 0.34 | 0.72 | − 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Economic | ||||
| Concentrated disadvantage scaleb | − 0.09 | 0.60 | − 2.20 | 0.65 |
| Median annual household incomec | $50,094 | $29,324 | $9750 | $250,000 |
| Median home value | $163,643 | $103,579 | $10,000 | $910,000 |
| Percent living below the federal poverty line | 17.9% | 16.2% | 0.0% | 73.0% |
| Percent unemployed | 36.8% | 13.1% | 6.5% | 82.2% |
| Residential stability | ||||
| Percent single households | 36.1% | 14.0% | 0.0% | 87.7% |
| Percent renter-occupied housing | 47.6% | 22.8% | 0.0% | 95.9% |
| Percent of residents who changed residential addresses in the past year | 15.5% | 10.4% | 0.0% | 68.0% |
| Social control/disinvestment | ||||
| Drug arrest density | 421 per mile2 | 641 per mile2 | 0 per mile2 | 5274 per mile2 |
| Vacant housing density | 922 per mile2 | 1353 per mile2 | 0 per mile2 | 7643 per mile2 |
| Built environment | ||||
| Retail location quotientd | 6.93 | 16.09 | 0.0% | 222.54 |
| Convenience stores | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 16 |
| Schools | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 4 |
aCalculated as ICEi = (Wi − Bi)/Ti where Wi = number of white residents in CBG, Bi = number of Black residents in CBG, and Ti = total number of residents in CBG. Thus, CBGs with 100% white residents would have an ICE of 1.0, CBGs with 100% Black residents would have an ICE of − 1.0, and CBGs with 50% white and 50% Black residents would have an ICE of 0.0
bCalculated as 0.75*Bi − 0.80*(Ii/250000) − 0.93*Ci − 0.87*(Hi/910700) where Bi = percent of CBGi that is Black, Ii = median annual household income for CBGi, Ci = percent of CBGi aged 25 years or older with a college degree, and Hi = median home value for CBGi
cCensored at $250,000
dCalculated as Ri/Ti, where Ri = the proportion of the CBG that is zoned for retail land use and Ti is the proportion of Baltimore City that is zoned for retail land use