Table 2.
Associations between structural racism indicators and fair/poor health in U.S. county-years, 2014–2016.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| β (s.e.) | β (s.e.) | β (s.e.) | |
| Income inequality | −0.07 (0.19) | −0.11 (0.20) | −1.28 (3.48) |
| College graduation inequality | −0.06 (0.12) | −0.04 (0.14) | −5.84 (2.66) |
| Employment inequality | 0.03 (0.01)* | 0.02 (0.01)* | −0.09 (0.43) |
| Homeownership inequality | −0.87 (0.18)* | −0.92 (0.21)* | 0.21 (2.24) |
| Dissimilarity Index | −0.73 (0.34)* | −0.54 (0.34) | |
| Urban-rural category | |||
| Central metro | – | – | – |
| Central fringe | 1.70 (0.39)* | 1.67 (0.41)* | −1.39 (1.19) |
| Medium metro | 1.05 (0.39)* | 1.03 (0.40)* | −1.82 (1.23) |
| Small metro | 0.70 (0.39) | 0.73 (0.40) | −2.87 (1.21)* |
| Micropolitan | 1.17 (0.39)* | 1.22 (0.41)* | −2.09 (1.20) |
| Noncore | 1.53 (0.40)* | 1.48 (0.42)* | −2.07 (1.20) |
| Income inequality × urban-rural category | |||
| Central metro | – | ||
| Central fringe | 1.08 (3.52) | ||
| Medium metro | 0.54 (3.55) | ||
| Small metro | 1.25 (3.52) | ||
| Micropolitan | 1.35 (3.50) | ||
| Noncore | 1.44 (3.49) | ||
| College graduation inequality × urban-rural category | |||
| Central metro | – | ||
| Central fringe | 5.09 (2.68) | ||
| Medium metro | 5.44 (2.69)* | ||
| Small metro | 6.41 (2.68)* | ||
| Micropolitan | 5.96 (2.67)* | ||
| Noncore | 5.80 (2.66)* | ||
| Employment inequality × urban-rural category | |||
| Central metro | – | ||
| Central fringe | 0.12 (0.43) | ||
| Medium metro | 0.01 (0.44) | ||
| Small metro | 0.08 (0.43) | ||
| Micropolitan | 0.08 (0.43) | ||
| Noncore | 0.12 (0.43) | ||
| Homeownership inequality × urban-rural category | |||
| Central metro | – | ||
| Central fringe | −1.15 (2.31) | ||
| Medium metro | −0.98 (2.32) | ||
| Small metro | −1.12 (2.28) | ||
| Micropolitan | −1.44 (2.27) | ||
| Noncore | −0.96 (2.27) | ||
Models adjusted for population, % Black, Dissimilarity Index, median income, college graduates, employment, and homeownership
*p < 0.05