Fig. 4.

Effects of LME on production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cells were pretreated with LME for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. Protein expression (A) and mRNA level (B) of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Each determination was made in triplicates. Data are presented as means ± SD. ^#P < 0.05 vs. control; * P < 0.05 vs. LPS-treated group.