Table 1.
Characteristics of LA case reports with metformin present as either primary suspect or incidental drug
| Year | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
| All cases | ||||
| N | 521 | 717 | 892 | 1,939 |
| Country | ||||
| Britain | 14 (2.7) | 27 (3.8) | 20 (2.2) | 60 (3.1) |
| France | 33 (6.3) | 91 (12.7) | 65 (7.3) | 344 (17.7) |
| Germany | 52 (10.0) | 77 (10.7) | 26 (2.9) | 142 (7.3) |
| Italy | 59 (11.3) | 99 (13.8) | 245 (27.5) | 553 (28.5) |
| Other non-U.S. | 252 (48.4) | 252 (35.1) | 347 (38.9) | 597 (30.8) |
| Domestic (U.S.) cases only | ||||
| N | 111 | 171 | 189 | 243 |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 46.4 (21.9) | 60.6 (15.2) | 59.5 (15.1) | 47.6 (20.3) |
| Sex | ||||
| Not recorded | 24 (21.6) | 41 (24.0) | 21 (11.1) | 31 (12.8) |
| Female | 42 (37.8) | 28 (16.4) | 104 (55.0) | 84 (34.6) |
| Male | 45 (40.5) | 102 (59.6) | 64 (33.9) | 128 (52.7) |
| AKI also reported | 30 (27.0) | 39 (22.8) | 46 (24.3) | 104 (42.8) |
| Sulfonylurea concomitant use | 1 (0.9) | 3 (1.8) | 26 (13.8) | 31 (12.8) |
| DPP-4i concomitant use | 3 (2.7) | 4 (2.3) | 5 (2.6) | 4 (1.6) |
| TZD concomitant use | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.4) |
| GLP-1RA concomitant use | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (1.6) | 2 (0.8) |
| SGLT2i concomitant use | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.8) |
| Insulin concomitant use | 7 (6.3) | 12 (7.0) | 13 (6.9) | 6 (2.5) |
| LA reports/all reports | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.11 |
| Nonmetformin diabetes drugs | ||||
| LA reports, n | 21 | 26 | 18 | 28 |
| LA reports/all reports | 0.0004 | 0.0009 | 0.0006 | 0.0007 |
| PRR compared with metformin | 144 | 74 | 139 | 145 |
Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated. AKI, acute kidney injury; DPP-4i, DPP-4 inhibitor; GLP-1RA, GLP-1 receptor agonist; SGLT2i, SGLT2 inhibitor; TZD, thiazolidinedione.