Table 3.

Incidence rates and hazard ratios of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease according to sleep disorder status

	Comparison Cohort			Sleep Disorder Cohort			Compared to the Comparison Cohort
							Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Characteristics	Event	Person-year	IR	Event	Person-year	IR	Crude	p-value	Adjusteda	p-value
Sex
Women	65	142,160	4.6	260	195,118	13.3	2.92 (2.22–3.83)	< 0.001	1.82 (1.35–2.46)	< 0.001
Men	141	190,961	7.4	181	119,509	15.2	2.04 (1.64–2.54)	< 0.001	1.79 (1.38–2.32)	< 0.001
Age (year)
20–39	88	183,841	4.8	78	76,805	10.2	2.11 (1.55–2.86)	< 0.001	1.71 (1.18–2.48)	0.004
40–59	89	111,058	8.0	248	134,146	18.5	2.31 (1.81–2.94)	< 0.001	1.89 (1.44–2.47)	< 0.001
≥ 60	29	38,222	7.6	115	103,676	11.1	1.46 (0.97–2.20)	0.07	1.23 (0.79–1.91)	0.35
Comorbidities
Diabetes
No	186	320,194	5.8	370	272,633	13.6	2.34 (1.96–2.79)	< 0.001	1.84 (1.50–2.26)	< 0.001
Yes	20	12,927	15.5	71	41,995	16.9	1.11 (0.68–1.82)	0.68	1.17 (0.68–1.99)	0.57
Dyslipidemia
No	153	309,909	4.9	258	234,156	11.0	2.24 (1.83–2.73)	< 0.001	2.10 (1.67–2.65)	< 0.001
Yes	53	23,212	22.8	183	80,471	22.7	0.99 (0.74–1.36)	0.99	1.03 (0.74–1.44)	0.85
Hypertension
No	157	295,681	5.3	250	183,442	13.6	2.56 (2.10–3.13)	< 0.001	2.03 (1.61–2.57)	< 0.001
Yes	49	37,440	13.1	191	131,186	14.6	1.12 (0.82–1.53)	0.49	1.09 (0.78–1.52)	0.61
Ischemic heart disease
No	190	319,112	6.0	339	241,780	14.0	2.35 (1.97–2.81)	< 0.001	1.88 (1.53–2.31)	< 0.001
Yes	16	14,009	11.4	102	72,847	14.0	1.23 (0.73–2.09)	0.44	1.04 (0.60–1.82)	0.88
Depression
No	203	331,189	6.1	371	275,610.	13.5	2.19 (1.85–2.60)	< 0.001	1.81 (1.48–2.20)	< 0.001
Yes	3	1932	15.5	70	39,017	17.9	1.16 (0.37–3.68)	0.80	0.99 (0.31–3.17)	0.98
Anxiety
No	191	322,595	5.9	246	191,432	12.9	2.17 (1.79–2.62)	< 0.001	1.82 (1.48–2.24)	< 0.001
Yes	15	10,526	14.3	195	123,196	15.8	1.11 (0.66–1.88)	0.69	1.04 (0.61–1.77)	0.88

IR Incidence rate per 10,000 person-year

^aModel mutually adjusted for sex, age (categorical), diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, depression, anxiety, and ischemic heart disease