Table 2.

Negative binomial regression model: Association between length of stay, hospital type,^a and other factors^b

	Coefficient	Std. Error	p-value	95% CI	% change
Demographics
Age (Referent: Age 70 years and over)
0–17	− 0.54	−5.23	0.000	[− 0.74, − 0.34]	−41.7
18–29	− 0.07	− 0.98	0.328	[− 0.22, 0.07]	−7.0
30–49	− 0.06	− 1.65	0.100	[− 0.13, 0.01]	−5.6
50–69	0.04	2.66	0.008	[0.01, 0.06]	3.7
Gender (Referent: Male)
Female	−0.06	−8.79	0.000	[−0.07, − 0.05]	−5.7
Race (Referent: White)
Black/African American	0.18	4.16	0.000	[0.1, 0.27]	20.0
Other	0.04	1.66	0.097	[− 0.01, 0.09]	4.3
Ethnicity (Referent: Non-Spanish/Hispanic)
Spanish/Hispanic	0.04	0.97	0.332	[−0.04, 0.11]	3.6
Multiple ethnicities	0.00	0.05	0.963	[−0.17, 0.18]	0.4
Unknown	0.00	0.11	0.909	[−0.08, 0.09]	0.5
Clinical Indicator
Type of admission (Referent: Otherc)
Emergency, Trauma, Urgent	−0.47	−6.50	0.000	[−0.62, − 0.33]	−37.8
APR-DRG severity of Illness (Referent: Minor)
Moderate	0.10	12.56	0.000	[0.08, 0.12]	10.5
Major	0.25	20.36	0.000	[0.23, 0.28]	28.6
Extreme	0.74	26.93	0.000	[0.68, 0.79]	108.9
APR-DRG risk of mortality (Referent: Minor)
Moderate	0.12	13.79	0.000	[0.11, 0.14]	13.3
Major	0.31	23.27	0.000	[0.28, 0.33]	36.2
Extreme	0.49	19.73	0.000	[0.44, 0.54]	63.5
Hospital Indicators
Safety-net hospital status (SNH) (Referent: No)
Yes	0.11	2.93	0.003	[0.04, 0.18]	11.7
Health insurance type (Referent: Commericald)
Medicaid	0.22	8.34	0.000	[0.17, 0.27]	24.9
Medicare	0.01	0.88	0.376	[−0.02, 0.05]	1.5
Dual Eligible (Medicaid/Medicare)	0.03	1.11	0.266	[−0.02, 0.08]	2.9
Self-pay	−0.04	−0.78	0.437	[−0.13, 0.06]	−3.7
Other/unknowne	0.15	4.31	0.000	[0.08, 0.22]	16.3
Disposition (Referent: Homef)
Expired	−0.33	−9.09	0.000	[−0.4, − 0.26]	−27.8
Inpatient rehabilitation facility	−0.04	−1.14	0.254	[−0.11, 0.03]	−3.9
Nursing home/long term careg	0.02	0.28	0.782	[−0.13, 0.17]	2.1
Skilled nursing facility	−0.01	−0.26	0.795	[−0.05, 0.04]	− 0.6
Otherh	−0.26	−6.83	0.000	[−0.33, − 0.18]	−22.6
N	48,948

Note. a. hospital type includes safety-net hospitals and non-safety-net hospitals where safety-net hospitals were defined as hospitals with a payer mix consisting of at least 30% of Medicaid and uninsured payers. b. illustrated statistics are coefficients and percent change amounts calculated through negative binomial regression models; the sample consisted of hip fracture patients from the SPARCS database with full covariate information; standard errors and 95% confidence intervals for the coefficients are also reported. c. other admission types include: elective, newborn, and not available. d. commercial insurance includes: Blue Cross/Blue Shield; managed care, unspecific; and private health insurance. e. other insurance in: Department of Corrections; federal/state/local/VA; other/miscellaneous; and unknown. f. patient discharged to: home or self-care; home with home health service; hospice (home); or left against medical advice. g. Medicaid Certified Nursing Home; Medicare Certified Long Term Care facility. h. patient discharged to: another facility not listed; cancer center or children’s hospital; court/law enforcement; critical access hospital; facility with custodial/supportive care; federal health care facility; hospital-based Medicare approved swing bed; hospice-medical facility; psychiatric hospital; short-term hospital