Table 2.

Associations between cardiac adipose tissue and clinical characteristics as well as measures of cardiac function

	Controls (n = 30)		Persons with type 1 diabetes (n = 60)		Persons with type 2 diabetes (n = 60)
	β coefficient (95% CI)	p	β coefficient (95% CI)	p	β coefficient (95% CI)	p
Clinical characteristics
Age	0.007 (0.001; 0.013)	0.02	0.003 (− 0.0001; 0.006)	0.06	0.001 (− 0.001; 0.004)	0.27
Body mass index	0.034 (0.017; 0.052)	0.0004	0.039 (0.029; 0.049)	< 0.0001	0.014 (0.003; 0.026)	0.02
LDL cholesterol	0.00006 (− 0.006; 0.007)	0.99	0.002 (− 0.001; 0.005)	0.20	0.002 (− 0.0008; 0.004)	0.17
Total cholesterol	− 0.001 (− 0.008; 0.005)	0.66	0.002 (− 0.001; 0.006)	0.19	0.002 (− 0.0008; 0.004)	0.16
Lipid lowering treatment	–	–	− 0.00005 (− 0.002; 0.001)	0.95	0.0001 (− 0.0005; 0.0008)	0.68
Hemoglobin A1c	0.0002 (− 0.004; 0.009)	0.46	− 0.0003 (− 0.004; 0.003)	0.84	0.001 (− 0.001; 0.003)	0.37
Urinary albumin excretion ratea	0.006 (0.0005; 0.012)	0.03	0.002 (− 0.002; 0.005)	0.31	0.0016 (− 0.001; 0.004)	0.38
Systolic blood pressure	0.005 (− 0.002; 0.011)	0.14	0.002 (− 0.002; 0.005)	0.29	0.0007 (− 0.002; 0.003)	0.60
Cardiac measures
Left ventricle ejection fraction	− 0.004 (− 0.01; 0.003)	0.23	− 0.003 (− 0.006; 0.0003)	0.08	0.0005 (− 0.002; 0.003)	0.72
Coronary artery calcium score	0.008 (0.002; 0.013)	0.008	0.001 (− 0.002; 0.005)	0.50	− 0.0002 (− 0.003; 0.003)	0.89
Myocardial flow reserve	− 0.008 (− 0.014; − 0.003)	0.005	− 0.0007 (− 0.004; 0.003)	0.67	0.00002 (− 0.003; 0.003)	0.98
Late heart-to-mediastinum ratiob	− 0.009 (− 0.022; 0.003)	0.12	− 0.002 (− 0.006;0.001)	0.19	0.001 (− 0.003; 0.005)	0.59

Linear regression analysis. The three groups were analyzed separately. β coefficient represents standardized effects within groups

Italic values indicate significance of p value (p < 0.05)

^aUrinary albumin creatinine rate for the persons with type 1 diabetes

^bAvailable in 14 controls, 29 persons with type 2 diabetes and 60 persons with type 1 diabetes