Table 2.
Energy intake and macronutrient and micronutrient intakes across the added-sugar groups
| Added Sugar Intake (%E) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 5% | 5–7.5% | 7.5–10% | 10–15% | 15–20% | > 20% | p-trends | |
| Riksmaten Adults | |||||||
| N | 273 | 393 | 386 | 521 | 175 | 49 | |
| Energy Intake (kcal/day) | 1651.3 (1578.7–1723.9) | 1883.1 (1824.0–1942.3) | 1899.5 (1830.6–1948.3) | 2016.9 (1965.8–2068.0) | 2061.1 (1971.8–2150.4) | 1898.8 (1733.7–2064.0) | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrates (%E) | 38.8 (38.0–39.6) | 43.1 (42.5–43.7) | 44.0 (43.4–44.6) | 46.3 (45.7–46.8) | 50.0 (49.1–51.0) | 52.7 (51.0–54.5) | < 0.001 |
| Fat (%E) | 39.3 (38.5–40.1) | 36.7 (36.1–37.3) | 36.5 (35.8–37.1) | 35.4 (34.8–35.9) | 32.8 (31.9–33.8) | 30.9 (29.1–32.6) | < 0.001 |
| Protein (%E) | 19.6 (19.2–19.9) | 17.9 (17.6–18.2) | 17.3 (17.0–17.6) | 16.3 (16.0–16.5) | 15.2 (14.8–15.7) | 14.6 (13.8–15.4) | < 0.001 |
| Fiber (%E) | 2.3 (2.2–2.4) | 2.3 (2.2–2.3) | 2.2 (2.1–2.3) | 2.1 (2.0–2.1) | 1.9 (1.8–2.0) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | < 0.001 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 921.4 (889.7–953.1) | 898.0 (877.7–923.4) | 879.4 (854.2–904.6) | 858.1 (836.0–880).2 | 838.0 (799.6–876.4) | 792.1 (721.2–862.9) | < 0.001 |
| Folate (μg/day) | 284.6 (273.5–295.6) | 276.6 (267.8–285.4) | 266.1 (257.4–274.9) | 246.1 (238.5–253.8) | 232.2 (219.0–245.6) | 212.6 (188.0–237.2) | < 0.001 |
| Iron (mg/day) | 10.6 (10.2–11.0) | 10.7 (10.4–11.0) | 10.6 (10.3–10.9) | 10.3 (10.1–10.6) | 9.5 (9.1–10.0) | 9.6 (8.7–10.4) | < 0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 350.9 (342.3–359.5) | 343.9 (337.1–350.8) | 342.6 (335.8–349.5) | 322.4 (316.4–328.3) | 300.1 (289.7–310.5) | 289.0 (269.8–308.2) | < 0.001 |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 3298.5 (3228′7.9–3369.1) | 3276.2 (3219.7–3332.7) | 3175.6 (3119 .4–3231.8) | 3037.2 (2988.0–3086.3) | 2886.9 (2801.3–2972.5) | 2604.8 (2446.9–2762.7) | < 0.001 |
| Selenium (μg/day) | 53.4 (51.3–55.4) | 47.8 (46.2–49.5) | 46.6 (45.0–48.2) | 43.0 (41.6–44.4) | 38.6 (36.2–41.1) | 36.0 (31.4–40.5) | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 97.0 (90.6–103.5) | 101.2 (96.0–106.4) | 96.0 (90.8–101.1) | 92.3 (87.8–96.8) | 94.5 (86.6–102.3) | 80.4 (65.9–94.9) | 0.013 |
| Vitamin D (μg/day) | 8.2 (7.7–8.8) | 7.5 (7.1–7.9) | 7.1 (6.6–7.5) | 6.6 (6.2–7.0) | 6.1 (5.4–6.8) | 5.1 (3.9–6.4) | < 0.001 |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 11.7 (11.5–12.0) | 11.2 (11.0–11.4) | 10.8 (10.6–11.0) | 10.3 (10.1–10.5) | 9.6 (9.3–9.9) | 9.1 (8.5–9.7) | < 0.001 |
| Malmö Diet and Cancer Study | |||||||
| N | 1061 | 2291 | 3218 | 4249 | 1107 | 312 | |
| Energy Intake (kcal/day) | 2132.3 (2101.4–2163.1) | 2238.7 (2217.8–2259.7) | 2331.1 (2313.4–2348.8) | 2403.6 (2388.2–2419.0) | 2453.4 (2423.3–2483.6) | 2403.6 (2346.9–2460.4) | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrates (%E) | 39.9 (39.6–40.2) | 41.6 (41.4–41.8) | 43.3 (43.1–43.5) | 45.7 (45.5–45.9) | 48.8 (48.5–49.1) | 52.8 (52.3–53.4) | < 0.001 |
| Fat (%E) | 40.7 (40.4–41.1) | 40.2 (40.0–40.4) | 39.2 (39.0–39.4) | 37.7 (37.5–37.9) | 35.6 (35.3–36.0) | 33.0 (32.4–33.7) | < 0.001 |
| Protein (%E) | 17.3 (17.2–17.4) | 16.3 (16.2–16.3) | 15.6 (15.5–15.6) | 14.7 (14.7–14.8) | 13.8 (13.7–13.9) | 12.6 (12.3–12.8) | < 0.001 |
| Fiber (%E) | 2.0 (2.0–2.0) | 1.9 (1.9–2.0) | 1.9 (1.9–1.9) | 1.8 (1.8–1.8) | 1.7 (1.7–1.7) | 1.5 (1.5–1.6) | < 0.001 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 1271.4 (1252.0–1290.8) | 1207.9 (1194.7–1221.0) | 1169.8 (1158.7–1180.8) | 1136.5 (1126.9–1146.2) | 1093.5 (1074.7–1112.4) | 1012.8 (977.4–1048.3) | < 0.001 |
| Folate (μg/day) | 281.8 (278.0–285.6) | 269.1 (266.5–271.6) | 259.1 (257.0–261.3) | 248.3 (246.0–250.2) | 235.4 (231.7–239.1) | 210.4 (203.4–217.3) | < 0.001 |
| Iron (mg/day) | 16.9 (16.7–17.1) | 17.1 (16.9–17.2) | 16.8 (16.7–16.9) | 16.4 (16.3–16.5) | 15.4 (15.2–15.6) | 14.4 (14.0–14.7) | < 0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 390.9 (387.6–394.1) | 378.1 (375.9–380.2) | 366.5 (364.7–368.3) | 354.8 (353.2–356.4) | 341.2 (338.1–344.4) | 325.2 (319.3–331.1) | < 0.001 |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 3872.9 (3835.4–3910.3) | 3687.5 (3662.1–3712.9) | 3573.9 (3552.6–3595.3) | 3438.2 (3419.6–3456.9) | 3298.1 (3261.6–3334.6) | 3053.3 (2984.8–3121.8) | < 0.001 |
| Selenium (μg/day) | 46.0 (45.3–46.7) | 42.4 (41.9–42.9) | 40.4 (40.0–40.8) | 37.7 (37.4–38.1) | 34.7 (34.1–35.4) | 31.2 (29.9–32.4) | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 118.9 (115.5–122.3) | 108.0 (105.7–110.3) | 105.4 (103.4–107.3) | 103.8 (102.1–105.4) | 108.7 (105.4–112.1) | 122.8 (116.5–129.0) | 0.003 |
| Vitamin D (μg/day) | 9.2 (9.0–9.3) | 8.6 (8.5–8.7) | 8.3 (8.2–8.4) | 7.8 (7.7–7.9) | 7.1 (6.9–7.2) | 6.2 (5.9–6.5) | < 0.001 |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 13.1 (13.0–13.2) | 12.6 (12.5–12.7) | 12.1 (12.0–12.1) | 11.4 (11.4–11.5) | 10.6 (10.5–10.8) | 9.7 (9.5–9.9) | < 0.001 |
Energy intake and macronutrient and micronutrient intakes (mean and 95% CI) across the added-sugar intake groups in the Riksmaten Adults (N = 1797) and Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (N = 12,238). The adjusted mean intakes and 95% confidence intervals (in brackets) are presented for the nonalcoholic energy intake (kcal/day), the macronutrient intakes, expressed as the percentage of nonalcoholic energy intake (%E) and the absolute intakes of micronutrients (mg/day or μg/day). The model was adjusted for confounders as follows: nonalcoholic energy intake was adjusted for age, sex and body mass index (BMI), macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were adjusted for age, sex, BMI and nonalcoholic energy intake