Table 1. Studies involving multiple drug intolerance syndrome (MDIS) patients.
|
Author/
Year of Publication |
Study Design | Place of Study | Criteria for MDIS |
Total
Number of Patients Studied |
Type of Studied
Population |
No. of MDIS Patients
Reported [Number (%)] |
Drug Allergy
Work-up |
Drugs
Involved |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antoniou et al., 2016 [10] |
Retrospective analysis | UK | Documented history (at referral or new patient visit) of intolerance to at least three unrelated classes of antihypertensive |
786 | Adult hypertensive patients | 79 (10.05%) | NR | Antihyper-tensives |
| Asero et al., 2002 [8] |
Prospective study | Italy | Patients with a history of MNS | 36 | Adult patients with multiple intolerances to NSAIDs |
22 (NR) | Autologous serum skin test (ASST) |
NSAIDs |
| Blumenthal et al., 2018 [13] |
Retrospective record based study | USA | Intolerances to ≥3 drug classes | 746,888 | Adult patients with documented drug allergy | 47,634 (6.4%) | NR | Multiple drug class |
| De Pasquale et al., 2012 [15] |
Prospective study | Italy | DHR to ≥3 unrelated drugs on 3 different occasion with negative allergy test | 30 | Adult female MDIS patients | 30 (NR) | Skin test, patch test, IgE titers | Multiple drug class |
| Macy et al., 2012 [4] |
Retrospective record based study | USA | Intolerance to 3 or more unrelated medications | 2,375,424 | Patients with documented drug allergy | 49,582 (2.1%) | NR | Multiple drug class |
| Okeahialam et al., 2017 [12] |
Retrospective record based study | Nigeria | Patients intolerant of three or more drugs with no clear immunological mechanism |
489 | Adult hypertensive patients attending follow up for BP control | 15 (3.06%) | NR | Anti- hypertensives |
| Omer et al., 2014 [11] |
Retrospective record based study | UK | Adverse drug reactions to three or more drugs without a known immunological mechanism | 25,695 | Adult patients with documented drug allergy | 1,250 (4.86%) | NR | Multiple drug class |
| Patriarca et al., 1991 [14] |
Prospective study | Italy | DHR to ≥3 unrelated drugs on 3 different occasion with negative allergy test | 20 | Adult female MDIS patients | 20 (NR) | Skin test, patch test, IgE titers | Multiple drug class |
| Schiavino et al., 2007 [2] |
Prospective study | Italy | DHR to ≥3 unrelated drugs on 3 different occasion with negative allergy test | 480 | Adult patients with history of adverse reactions to more than 3 drug | 480 (NR) | Skin test, patch test, IgE titers & serum ECP level | Multiple drug class |
ECP: Eosinophilic Cationic Protein; DHR: Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions; MNS: Multiple Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) sensitivity; USA: Unites States of America; UK: United Kingdom; NR: Not reported.