Table 3.
Comparison of students’ self-perceived competence after flipped classroom methods and traditional lecture-based classroom in ocular trauma clerkship
| Items | Group | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Statistics | P valuea | Effect sizeb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The course improves my communication ability. | FG | 1 (2.4%) | 20 (48.8%) | 20 (48.8%) | U=544 | 0.037* | 0.42 |
| TG | 2 (5.7%) | 24 (68.6%) | 9 (25.7%) | (Z=-2.087) | |||
| The course improves my clinical thinking ability. | FG | 1 (2.4%) | 11 (26.8%) | 29 (70.7%) | U=555.5 | 0.049* | 0.40 |
| TG | 2 (5.7%) | 16 (45.7%) | 17 (48.6%) | (Z=-1.971) | |||
| The course improves my ability to acquire knowledge. | FG | 0 (0%) | 12 (29.3%) | 29 (70.7%) | U=654.5 | 0.446 | 0.15 |
| TG | 1 (2.9%) | 14 (40%) | 20 (57.1%) | (Z=-0.762) | |||
| The course improves my ability to give presentations and express my opinions. | FG | 0 (0%) | 21 (51.2%) | 20 (48.8%) | U=705.5 | 0.886 | 0.03 |
| TG | 0 (0%) | 22 (62.9%) | 13 (37.1%) | (Z=-0.143) | |||
| The course improves my ability in scientific thinking. | FG | 2 (4.9%) | 22 (53.6%) | 17 (41.5%) | U=660.5 | 0.500 | 0.14 |
| TG | 1 (2.8%) | 17 (48.6%) | 17 (48.6%) | (Z=-0.675) |
FG: flipped classroom group, TG: traditional lecture-based classroom group.
Students’ answers to the survey questions were quantified using a three-point Likert scale (-1, disagree; 0, neutral; 1, agree). Data presented indicate the number (percentage) of students who chose the answer.
aThe two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. *P<0.05.
bCohen’s D effect sizes were calculated with the Effect size calculator for non-parametric tests (40)