Table 3. Literature on Splanchnic Venous Thrombosis and Anticoagulation in Acute Pancreatitis.
| Author | Harris et al, 2013 [7] | Gonzelez et al, 2011 [8] | Easler et al, 2014 [9] | Present study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study design | Retrospective | Prospective Retrospective | Prospective Retrospective | Prospective |
| Sample size | 2,454 | 127 | 162 | 105 |
| Rate of SVT occurrence | 45/2,454 (1.8%) | 24/127 (18.9%) | 22/162 (14%) | 24/105 (22.8%) |
| Predominant etiology | Gallstone | Alcohol | Gallstone | Alcohol |
| Local complications | Peripancreatic collection in 24/45 (53.33%); necrotizing pancreatitis in 26/45 (57.78%) | 19/22 (86.36%) | 21/22 (95.45%) | 24/24 (100%) |
| Clinical features of SVT | ||||
| Most common vessel involved | Splenic vein in 30/45 (67%) | Splenic vein 14/20 (70%) | Splenic vein 19/22 (86%) | Splenic vein 24/24 (100%) |
| Bowel ischemia | 2/45 (4.4%) | 1/20 (5%) | - | 4/24 (16.67%) |
| Hepatic decompensation | - | 1/20 (5%) | - | 3/24 (12.5%) |
| Bleeding | 7/45 (15.56%) | - | 2/22 (9.09%) | 3/24 (12.5%) |
| Development of collateral/varices/portal cavernoma | Collaterals or varices 21/45 (46.67%) | Collaterals in 10/20 (50%); portal cavernoma in 3/20 (15%) | Collaterals in 19/22 (86%); varices in 6/22 (27%) | Collaterals in 6/24 (25%); varices in 7/24 (29.17%); portal cavernoma in 7/24 (29.17%) |
| Recanalization | 5/45 (11.11%) | 7/20 (35%) | 2/22 (9%) | 11/24 (45.83%) |
| Mortality | 3/45 (6.67%) | 1/20 (5%) | 1/22 (5%) | 3/24 (12.5%) |
| Number of patients anticoagulated | 17/45 (37.78%) | 4/20 (20%) | 6/22 (27.27%) | 12/24 (50%) |
| Indication for anticoagulation | Acute PV thrombosis, thrombus extension, DVT or pulmonary embolism | Acute PVT with or without SplV thrombosis or thrombus extension | Deep vein thrombosis, stroke | Bowel ischemia, hepatic decompensation, SplV + PV + SMV thrombosis, pulmonary embolism |
| Outcome with AC | ||||
| Bleeding | 2/17 (12%) | - | 2/6 (33.33%) | 3/12 (25%) |
| Development of collateral, varices and portal cavernoma | Varices or collaterals 6/17 (35%) | - | Collaterals 5/6 (83.33%) | Collaterals in 3/12(25%); varices in 3/12 (25%), portal cavernoma in 3/12 (25%) |
| Recanalization | 2/17 (12%) | 2/4 (50%) | 0/6 (0%) | 6/12 (50%) |
SVT: splanchnic venous thrombosis; SplV: splenic vein; PV: portal vein; SMV: superior mesenteric vein; AC: anticoagulation; DVT: deep vein thrombosis; PVT: portal vein thrombosis.