Table 3.
Frequency profile of CA induced by endosulfan alone and in combination with column eluted fractions of active P. hexandrum extracts for different time intervals to evaluate the antimutagenicity in C. carassius.
| Classical aberrations |
Non-classical aberrations |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exp. | Treatment | TMS | Csb | Ctb | Frg | Scu | Dic | Mla | Stp | Cmt | Total aberrations mean (%)± S.D. |
| 48 | Cont. 1 | 105 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 2.85 ± 0.212 |
| Cont. 2 | 102 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 2.94 ± 0.162 | |
| Endosulfan | 117 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | 2 | – | 7.69 ± 0.37Bb | |
| EE-F1 | 103 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 2 | – | – | 5.82 ± 0.27Bb2 | |
| EE-F2 | 106 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | 5.66 ± 0.23Bb2 | |
| EE-F3 | 113 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 5.30 ± 0.26Bb2 | |
| EE-F4 | 101 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4.95 ± 0.21Bb2 | |
| EE-F5 | 107 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 5.60 ± 0.26Bb2 | |
| ME-F1 | 116 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 5.17 ± 0.22Bb2 | |
| ME-F2 | 118 | 1 | 1 | 2 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 4.23 ± 0.242 | |
| ME-F3 | 113 | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 4.42 ± 0.24A2 | |
| ME-F4 | 114 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 5.26 ± 0.22Bb2 | |
| ME-F5 | 115 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 6.08 ± 0.30Bb1 | |
| 72 | Cont. 1 | 104 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 2.88 ± 0.162 |
| Cont. 2 | 101 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | 2.97 ± 0.172 | |
| Endosulfan | 110 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | 2 | 1 | 9.09 ± 0.37Bb | |
| EE-F1 | 120 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | – | 1 | – | 6.66 ± 0.31Bb2 | |
| EE-F2 | 100 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 6.00 ± 0.23Bb2 | |
| EE-F3 | 119 | 2 | 1 | 2 | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | 5.88 ± 0.29Bb2 | |
| EE-F4 | 102 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4.90 ± 0.21Bb2 | |
| EE-F5 | 108 | – | 1 | 2 | – | – | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6.48 ± 0.31Bb2 | |
| ME-F1 | 120 | 1 | 1 | 2 | – | – | 2 | 1 | – | 5.83 ± 0.29Bb2 | |
| ME-F2 | 114 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | 4.38 ± 0.202 | |
| ME-F3 | 107 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 5.60 ± 0.26Bb2 | |
| ME-F4 | 109 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5.50 ± 0.22Bb2 | |
| ME-F5 | 103 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 6.79 ± 0.28Bb2 | |
| 96 | Cont. 1 | 119 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 3.36 ± 0.222 |
| Cont. 2 | 108 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 3.70 ± 0.232 | |
| Endosulfan | 107 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 12.14 ± 0.47Bb | |
| EE-F1 | 109 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8.25 ± 0.33Bb2 | |
| EE-F2 | 111 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | 7.20 ± 0.29Bb2 | |
| EE-F3 | 112 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 7.14 ± 0.32Bb2 | |
| EE-F4 | 105 | 1 | 1 | 2 | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | 5.71 ± 0.27Bb2 | |
| EE-F5 | 106 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 7.54 ± 0.29Bb2 | |
| ME-F1 | 113 | – | 2 | 3 | – | – | 2 | – | 1 | 7.07 ± 0.39Bb2 | |
| ME-F2 | 103 | – | 1 | 2 | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | 4.85 ± 0.252 | |
| ME-F3 | 104 | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6.73 ± 0.28Bb2 | |
| ME-F4 | 108 | 2 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 2 | – | 1 | 7.40 ± 0.35Bb2 | |
| ME-F5 | 116 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | – | 1 | – | 7.75 ± 0.35Bb2 | |
Exp: exposure time in hours; TMS: total metaphasic plates studied; Csb: chromosome break; Ctb: chromatid break; Frg: fragment; Scu: sister chromatid union; Dic: dicentric; Mla: multiple aberrations; Stp: stickiness and pulverization; Cmt: c metaphase; Cont. 1: negative control (tap water); Cont. 2: solvent control; EE-F1,2,3,4, and 5 designate the ethyl acetate extract fractions 1,2,3,4, and 5 (15 mg/L each), respectively, ME-F1,2,3,4, and 5 represent the methanol extract fractions 1,2,3,4, and 5 (10 mg/L), respectively.