Table 3.
Analysis of factors associated with VEGFA mRNA expression in the pan-cancer cohort (N = 7,525 samples).
|
VEGFA expression (categorical variable)* |
VEGFA expression (continuous variable) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate |
Multivariate** |
Univariate |
Multivariate |
|||
| OR [95% CI] | P-value | OR [95% CI] | P-value | P-value | P-value | |
| TP53 mutation | 1.26 [1.04–1.54] | .022 | 1.26 [1.04–1.54] | .022 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Adenocarcinoma | 0.90 [0.74–1.10] | .313 | - | - | .448 | - |
| Squamous | 1.06 [0.78–1.44] | .690 | - | - | .009 | - |
| TP53 mutation | 1.26 [1.04–1.54] | .022 | 1.31 [1.07–1.60] | .009 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Breast carcinoma | 0.84 [0.61–1.14] | .296 | - | - | .288 | - |
| Colon adenocarcinoma | 0.61 [0.35–1.07] | .101 | - | - | .185 | - |
| NSCLC adenocarcinoma | 1.49 [1.06–2.10] | .026 | - | - | .240 | - |
| NSCLC squamous | 0.38 [0.14–1.02] | .047 | 0.33 [0.12–0.90] | .031 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Glioblastoma | 1.04 [0.50–2.13] | .852 | - | - | .074 | - |
| TP53 mutation | 1.26 [1.04–1.54] | .022 | 1.30 [1.07–1.59] | .009 | <.001 | <.001 |
| HIF1A overexpression | 2.01 [1.37–2.96] | .001 | 2.01 [1.36–2.95] | <.001 | .044 | .002 |
| MDM2 overexpression | 1.50 [0.96–2.34] | .081 | - | - | .609 | - |
| Breast carcinoma | 0.84 [0.61–1.14] | .296 | - | - | .288 | - |
| Colon adenocarcinoma | 0.61 [0.35–1.07] | .101 | - | - | .185 | - |
| NSCLC adenocarcinoma | 1.49 [1.06–2.20] | .026 | - | - | .240 | - |
| NSCLC squamous | 0.38 [0.14–1.02] | .047 | 0.33 [0.12–0.90] | .031 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Glioblastoma | 1.04 [0.50–2.13] | .852 | - | - | .074 | - |
* VEGFA, HIF1A, MDM2 over-expression were first considered as categorical variables, defined: yes if Z-score for mRNA expression ≥ 1.645 (i.e. biomarker is significantly overexpressed, compared to pan-cancer expression levels); no if Z-score for mRNA expression <1.645 (i.e. biomarker is not significantly overexpressed, compared to pan-cancer expression levels).
** Several multivariate models were built, selecting independent variables with p-value≤0.1 from univariate analysis. These include TP53 mutation status, cancer type (adenocarcinoma vs squamous), selected cancer cohorts (breast, colon, lung and brain tumors), and HIF1A and MDM2 over-expression.
Abbreviations: “-“ = non-significant change; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer; OR = odds rate