Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Sample, by Fertility Groups, Massachusetts Birth July 1, 2004–December 31, 2010
| Demographic Characteristics |
Fertile | Subfertile | ART | ICSI | IVF | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N |
441,898 |
8,072 |
10,147 |
3,904 |
4,834 |
||||
| % | % | p- value |
% | p- value |
% | p- value |
% | p- value |
|
| Mother's Age | |||||||||
| <=30 | 55.0 | 16.4 | <0.0001 | 11.9 | <0.0001 | 10.9 | <0.0001 | 13.7 | <0.0001 |
| 31-34 | 24.2 | 28.9 | 27.2 | 26.8 | 27.9 | ||||
| 35-37 | 12.5 | 26.2 | 24.8 | 25.1 | 24.1 | ||||
| 38-40 | 6.1 | 18.3 | 20.4 | 21.3 | 20.2 | ||||
| 41-42 | 1.5 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 8.4 | ||||
| 43+ | 0.6 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 5.8 | ||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Hispanic | 14.9 | 4.5 | <0.0001 | 3.4 | <0.0001 | 3.1 | <0.0001 | 3.8 | <0.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 66.3 | 84.4 | 85.1 | 85.7 | 84.4 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 8.9 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 3.4 | ||||
| Asian/Pacific Islands | 7.7 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.3 | ||||
| American Indians & Others | 2.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | ||||
| Education | |||||||||
| <High school or HS/GED | 37.8 | 11.8 | <0.0001 | 9.4 | <0.0001 | 8.6 | <0.0001 | 10.4 | <0.0001 |
| Some college/Associate | 21.5 | 17.7 | 15.4 | 14.9 | 16.3 | ||||
| BA degree or Post-graduate | 40.7 | 70.5 | 75.2 | 76.5 | 73.3 | ||||
| Marital Status | |||||||||
| Married | 65.1 | 94.3 | <0.0001 | 95.6 | <0.0001 | 95.5 | <0.0001 | 95.8 | <0.0001 |
| Not Married | 34.9 | 5.7 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.2 | ||||
| Prenatal Care | |||||||||
| Inadequate/Intermediate | 16.8 | 9.0 | <0.0001 | 7.2 | <0.0001 | 7.0 | <0.0001 | 7.0 | <0.0001 |
| Adequate | 45.9 | 43.9 | 43.7 | 44.2 | 42.3 | ||||
| Adequate Plus | 37.3 | 47.1 | 49.2 | 48.7 | 50.7 | ||||
| Parity | |||||||||
| 1 | 45.8 | 37.9 | <0.0001 | 62.4 | <0.0001 | 65.9 | <0.0001 | 65.2 | <0.0001 |
| 2 | 34.1 | 40.2 | 30.0 | 27.5 | 28.9 | ||||
| 3+ | 20.1 | 21.9 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 5.9 | ||||
| Method of delivery | |||||||||
| Vaginal | 67.5 | 53.9 | <0.0001 | 52.9 | <0.0001 | 54.8 | <0.0001 | 53.8 | <0.0001 |
| VBAC | 2.0 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | ||||
| Primary C-Section | 18.0 | 20.5 | 32.1 | 32.4 | 32.6 | ||||
| Repeated C-Section | 12.6 | 22.4 | 13.6 | 11.4 | 12.3 | ||||
| Father's Age | |||||||||
| <=30 | 38.9 | 10.3 | <0.0001 | 7.1 | <0.0001 | 6.9 | <0.0001 | 7.8 | <0.0001 |
| 31-34 | 25.0 | 23.2 | 21.9 | 23.2 | 21.1 | ||||
| 35-37 | 15.6 | 24.3 | 23.1 | 23.8 | 22.1 | ||||
| 38-40 | 10.1 | 20.0 | 19.8 | 20.8 | 18.5 | ||||
| 41-42 | 4.0 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.3 | ||||
| 43+ | 6.4 | 13.8 | 18.7 | 15.8 | 21.2 | ||||
| Chronic Hypertension | |||||||||
| No | 98.4 | 97.4 | <0.0001 | 96.9 | <0.0001 | 97.0 | <0.0001 | 97.3 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 1.6 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.7 | ||||
| Pregnancy Hypertension | |||||||||
| No | 91.4 | 89.8 | <0.0001 | 87.4 | <0.0001 | 88.5 | <0.0001 | 87.4 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 8.6 | 10.2 | 12.6 | 11.5 | 12.6 | ||||
| Chronic Diabetes | |||||||||
| No | 98.8 | 98.3 | <0.0001 | 98.0 | <0.0001 | 98.0 | <0.0001 | 98.0 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||
| Gestational Diabetes | |||||||||
| No | 94.4 | 91.5 | <0.0001 | 91.8 | <0.0001 | 92.4 | <0.0001 | 91.4 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 5.6 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 7.6 | 8.6 | ||||
| Preterm | |||||||||
| No | 93.8 | 92.5 | <0.0001 | 89.9 | <0.0001 | 90.2 | <0.0001 | 90.2 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 6.2 | 7.5 | 10.1 | 9.8 | 9.8 | ||||
| Breech | |||||||||
| No | 97.0 | 96.3 | <0.01 | 94.2 | <0.0001 | 94.4 | <0.0001 | 94.4 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 3.0 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.6 | ||||
| Mother's nativity | |||||||||
| Non-US | 28.0 | 18.3 | <0.0001 | 18.9 | <0.0001 | 17.7 | <0.0001 | 20.3 | <0.0001 |
| US-born | 72.0 | 81.7 | 81.1 | 82.3 | 79.7 | ||||
| Infant gender | |||||||||
| Male | 51.2 | 51.2 | 0.90 | 51.3 | 0.82 | 53.1 | 0.04 | 49.5 | 0.01 |
| Female | 48.8 | 48.8 | 48.7 | 46.9 | 50.5 | ||||
| Payer | |||||||||
| Private | 57.7 | 91.3 | <0.0001 | 96.7 | <0.0001 | 96.9 | <0.0001 | 96.5 | <0.0001 |
| Public | 42.3 | 8.7 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.5 | ||||
HS/GED, high school/general educational development