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. 2020 Feb 7;13:351–362. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S234425

Table 5.

Synergistic and Antagonistic Effect of ZnONPs in Combination with Various Antibiotics Against E. coli, Staph. aureus, Salmonella spp

E. coli
	Azithromycin	Gentamicin	Oxacillin	Cefotaxime	Neomycin	Ampicillin/Sulbactam	Cefuroxime	Fosfomycin	Chloramphenicol		Oxytetracycline
Antibiotic only	27.00±0.67^b	30.00±0.66	19.00±0.57^b	0.00±0.00^b	27.00±0.56	30.00±0.75^a	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	27.00±0.75		23.00±0.53^b
ZnONPs with antibiotic	35.00±0.56^a	32.00±0.57	33.00±0.57^a	35.00±0.45^a	27.00±0.66	23.00±0.73^b	27.00±0.54^a	33.00±0.56^a	27.00±0.87		30.00±0.34^a
P value	***	NS	***	***	NS	***	***	***	NS		***
Staph. aureus
Antibiotic only	27.00±0.56^b	27.00±0.86	33.00±0.45^a	0.00±0.00^b	30.00±0.72^a	25.00±0.53^a	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	29.00±0.75^b	32.00±0.68^b
ZnONPs with antibiotic	30.00±0.52^a	27.00±0.67	18.00±0.43^b	15.00±0.43^a	13.00±0.64^b	19.00±0.61^b	12.00±0.42^a	15.00±0.53^a	32.00±0.75^a	40.00±0.76^a
P value	*	NS	***	***	***	***	***	***	*	***
Salmonella spp
Antibiotic only	20.00±0.53^a	17.00±0.87^a	0.00±0.00^b	21.00±0.75^a	14.00±0.53^a	22.00±0.32^a	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	27.00±0.51^a	20.00±0.43^a
ZnONPs with antibiotic	14.00±0.58^b	12.00±0.86^b	10.00±0.56^a	16.00±0.87^b	0.00±0.00 ^b	12.00±0.75^b	17.00±0.87^a	18.00±0.54^a	14.00±0.59^b	13.00±0.56^b
P value	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***

Notes: *<0.05; ***<0.001; ^a,bStatistical significant difference (P<0.05), a>b.

Abbreviation: NS, Non-Significant.