Table 2.

Primers used in the real-time polymerase chain reaction.

	Amplicon (bp)	Annealing temp. (°C)
Osteogenic markers
GAPDH	143	60
Forward: 5′-ACATCGCTCAGACACCATG-3′
Reverse: 5′-TGTAGTTGAGGTCAATGAAGGG-3′
ALPL	133	59
Forward: 5′-GATGTGGAGTATGAGAGTGACG-3′
Reverse: 5′-GGTCAAGGGTCAGGAGTTC-3′
RUNX2	148	61
Forward: 5′-TTCACCTTGACCATAACCGTC-3′
Reverse: 5′-GGCGGTCAGAGAACAAACTAG-3′
COL1A1	167	62
Forward: 5′-TCCAAACCACTGAAACCTCTG-3′
Reverse: 5′-CCCCTGGAAAGAATGGAGATG-3′
OCN	106	59
Forward: 5′-GGCGCTACCTGTATCAA TGG-3′
Reverse: 5′-TCAGCCAACTCGTCACA GTC-3′
Chondrogenic markers
GAPDH	112	60
Forward: 5′-CTCTGCTCCTCCTGTTCGAC-3′
Reverse: 5′-ACGACCAAATCCGTTGACTC-3′
COL1A1	63	61
Forward: 5′-GGGATTCCCTGGACCTAAAG-3′
Reverse: 5′-GGAACACCTCGCTCTCCAG-3′
COL2AB	116	62
Forward: 5′-GCACCTGCAGAGACCTGA-3′
Reverse: 5′-GGGTCAATCCAGTAGTCTCCAC-3′
SOX9	73	59
Forward: 5′-TACCCGCACTTGCACAAC-3′
Reverse: 5′-TCTCGCTCTCGTTCAGAAGTC-3′
MMP3	91	58
Forward: 5′-CAAAACATATTTCTTTGTAGAGGACAA-3′
Reverse: 5′-TTCAGCTATTTGCTTGGGAAA-3′