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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 11.
Published in final edited form as: Genes Brain Behav. 2017 Dec 29;17(3):e12439. doi: 10.1111/gbb.12439

Table 3.

Comparison of previous GWAS of personality traits.

Reference Questionnaire Trait Study Design Discovery Sample GW association P < 5 × 10−8 Nearby Gene (region) Replication Sample Replicated
(van den Oord et al. 2008) EPQ (short) Neuroticism GWAS 1,227 EUR N - 1880 EUR N
(Calboli et al. 2010) EPQ (short) Neuroticism GWAS 2,235 EUR N - NA -
(Verweij et al. 2010) TPQ HA, NS, RD, P GWAS 5,117 EUR N - NA -
(Terracciano et al. 2010a) NEO-PI-R Neuroticism GWAS 3,972 EUR (Sardinia) N 5,105 EUR N
Extraversion N
Openness N
Agreeableness N
Conscientiousness N
TPQ HA N
(Terracciano et al. 2011) NEO-PI-R Excitement-seeking Meta-analysis 7,860 EUR 1 SNP: rs7600563 (P= 2 × 10−8) CTNNA2 608, 1,545, 3,043 EUR N
(Luciano et al. 2012) EPQ Neuroticism Meta-analysis 6,268 EUR N - 527–6032 EUR N
Extraversion N -
(Service et al. 2012) TPQ HA, NS, RD, P Meta-analysis ~ 11,000 EUR N - NA -
(de Moor et al. 2012) NEO Openness Meta-analysis 17,375 EUR 2 SNP: rs1477268 (P= 2.8 × 10−8), rs2032794 (P=3.1×10−8) RASA1 3,294 EUR N
Conscientiousness 1 SNP: rs2576037(P= 4.9×10−8) KATNAL2 N
(Bae et al. 2013) NEO-FFI Agreeableness GWAS 4,595 EUR 3 SNPs: rs9650241 (P= 8.12×10−10), rs2701448 (P= 9.46×10−10), kgp6080058 (P= 1.57×10−9) Chr 8 1,279 EUR N
(Kim et al. 2013) NEO-PI-R Openness GWAS 4,000 EAS 1 SNP: rs214618 (P= 1.67 × 10−8) PTPRD 2,090 EAS N
Neuroticism N
(Kim et al. 2015a) NEO-PI-R Agreeableness Meta-analysis 3,898 EAS N - 1,021 EAS N
(de Moor et al. 2015) IRT Neuroticism Meta-analysis 63,661 EUR 1 SNP: rs35855737; P= 9.26 × 10−9 MAGI1 9,786 EUR N
(Smith et al. 2016) EPQ (short) Neuroticism Meta-analysis 91,370 EUR (UK Biobank)
6,659 EUR; 8687 EUR		 9 SNPs: rs490647 (P= 3.8 × 10−8), rs4653663 (P= 2.0 × 10−8), rs12637928 (P= 4.3 × 10−8), rs62353264 (P= 3.7 × 10−8), rs12682352 (P= 1.5 × 10−15), rs12378446 (P= 9.4 × 10−9), rs4977844 (P= 3.2 × 10−8), rs111433752 (P= 9.3 × 10−12), rs1187264 (P= 1.2 × 10−8) GRIK3, ENAH, SRP9, PVRL3,
TMEM192, KLHL2, MSMO1
>10 genes chr 8, PTRD, ELAVL2, >10 genes chr 17 (e.g. CRHR1)
, CELF4, respectively 		NA -
(Okbay et al. 2016) IRT, EPQ (short) Neuroticism Meta-analysis 170,911 EUR (GPC, UK Biobank) 11 SNPs: rs2572431 (P= 4.2 × 10−16), rs193236081 (P= 6.3 × 10−11), rs10960103 (P= 2.1 × 10−10), rs4938021 (P= 4.0 × 10−10), rs139237746 (P= 2.6 × 10−9), rs1557341 (P= 5.6 × 10−9), rs12938775 (P= 8.5 × 10−9), rs12961969 (P= 2.2 × 10−8), rs35688236 (P= 2.4 × 10−8), rs2150462 (P= 2.7 × 10−8), rs12903563 (P= 2.9 × 10−8) - Y* Y
(Lo et al. 2016) NEO-FFI (23andMe); NEO, IRT, EPQ Extraversion Meta-analysis 122,886 EUR
(23andMe and GPC)		 4 SNPs: rs57590327 (P= 1.26 × 10−9), rs2164273 (P= 1.61 × 10−9), rs6481128 (P= 5.44 × 10−10), rs1426371 (P= 9.54 × 10−15) GBE1, MTMR9, PCDH15, WSCD2 39,500 EUR (23andMe)
7,100 (deCODE)		 Y
Neuroticism 2 SNPs: rs6981523 (P= 3.17 × 10−24), rs9611519 (P= 9.16 × 10−9) XKR6, L3MBTL2/CHADL 39,500 EUR (23andMe)
7,100 (deCODE)
91,370 (UK Biobank)		 Y
(van den Berg et al. 2016) IRT Extraversion Meta-analysis 63,030 EUR N - 9,783 EUR -
Luciano et al. (2017) EPQ (short) Neuroticism GWAS 329,821 EUR 116 SNPs Y Y
(Nagel et al. 2017) EPQ (short), NEO, NEO-FFI Neuroticism Meta-analysis 449,484 EUR (UK Biobank, 23andMe, GPC1) 136 SNPs NA -
*

“quasi-replication”;