Table 4.
SNP heritability estimates of personality traits.
| Reference | Questionnaire | Trait | Study Design | Discovery Sample | GWAS association P < 5×10−8 | SNP-heritability (%, SE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Vinkhuyzen et al. 2012) | EPQ | Extraversion | GCTA | ~ 12,000 EUR | N | 6% (3%) |
| Neuroticism | 12% (3%) | |||||
| (Verweij et al. 2012) | TPQ | HA | GCTA | ~ 8,000 EUR | NA | 6.6% (3.7%) |
| NS | 9.9% (3.6%) | |||||
| RD | 4.2% (3.6%) | |||||
| Persistence | 8.1% (3.7%) | |||||
| (Power and Pluess 2015) | NEO-PI-R | Neuroticism | GCTA | 5,011 EUR | NA | 15% (8%) |
| Openness | 21% (8%) | |||||
| (de Moor et al., 2015) | IRT | Neuroticism | GCTA | 63,661 EUR (NTR, QIMR cohorts) | 1 SNP | 14.7% (5.5%) |
| 15.7% (8.3%) | ||||||
| (van den Berg et al. 2016) | IRT | Extraversion | GCTA | 3,597 and 3,369 (NTR, QIMR cohorts) | N | 4.9% (0.8%) |
| (Okbay et al. 2016) | EPQ, NEO | Neuroticism | LDSC | 170,911 EUR | 11 SNPs | 9.1% (0.7%) |
| (Smith et al. 2016) | EPQ (short) | Neuroticism | GCTA | ~ 106,000 EUR (UK Biobank) | 9 SNPs | 15% (0.7%) |
| (Lo et al. 2016) | EPQ, NEO-FFI | Extraversion | LDSC | 59,176 EUR (23andMe) | 5 SNPs | 18.1% (1.0%) |
| Neuroticism | 2 SNPs | 11.9% (1.6%) | ||||
| Conscientiousness | 1 SNP | 9.6% (0.9%) | ||||
| Agreeableness | 8.5% (0.9%) | |||||
| Openness | 10.7% (0.9%) | |||||
| (Docherty et al. 2016) | EPQ | Neuroticism | GCTA | 9,633 EAS (MDD and control women) | NA | 10% (3%) |
| (Luciano et al. 2017) | EPQ (short) | Neuroticism | LDSC | 329,821 EUR (UK Biobank) | 116 SNPs | 10.8% (0.5%) |
| (Nagel et al. 2017) | EPQ (short), NEO, NEO-FFI | Neuroticism | LDSC | 449,484 EUR (UK Biobank, 23andMe, GPC1) | 136 SNPs | 10.0% (0.3%) |