KOONO-mediated site-specific footprinting assays. Highlighted markers in green, red, and blue indicate 50:50 North/South conformation, North conformation preferred, and South conformation preferred respectively. The highlighted marker in black indicates nucleosides containing flexible or size-expanded sugars. (A) Translocation of the complex of DNA primers/template/RT (WT). (B) Translocation of the complex of DNA primers/template/RT (AZTr). For South conformers and AZT: % Pre = Pre/[Pre + Post] × 100 for North conformers, seco-Ur and oxepane-T: % Pre = Pre/[ex-Pre + Pre + Post] × 100.