Patel 1995.

Methods	Single centre, randomised, controlled trial without the use of a placebo in the UK. Study period: not stated
Participants	33 infants with a median GA of 26 weeks (range 23 to 28) were enrolled. All infants had ECHO‐confirmed PDA
Interventions	Ibuprofen: 12 infants, ibuprofen 5 mg/kg Ibuprofen: 6 infants, ibuprofen 10 mg/kg Indomethacin: 15 infants, indomethacin 0.1 mg/kg The drugs were infused IV over 15 minutes
Outcomes	PDA closure rate, near‐infrared spectroscopy was used to observe the effect of treatment on cerebral perfusion, indicated by changes in cerebral blood volume, and cerebral mitochondrial oxygenation, determined by the change in concentration of oxidised cytochrome aa3
Notes	Published as a letter to the editor. This study was supported by the British Heart Foundation and Hammamatsu Photonics KK
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	The intervention was not blinded to caregivers
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	The intervention was not blinded to outcome assessors
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Complete follow‐up ‐ yes
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Study protocol was not available to us so we could not ascertain if there were deviations from the protocol
Other bias	Low risk	Appeared free of other bias