Su 2003.

Methods	Single centre, randomised controlled trial conducted in Taichung, Taiwan. Study period: January 2001 to December 2002
Participants	63 preterm infants with GA ≤ 32 weeks and BW ≤ 1500 grams and with ECHO evidence of a PDA were randomised between 2 and 7 days of age Ibuprofen: 32 infants, mean (SD) GA 28.7 (2.2) weeks; BW 1134 (200) grams Indomethacin: 31 infants, mean (SD) GA 28.2 (2.4) weeks; BW 1110 (244) grams
Interventions	Ibuprofen: IV 10 mg/kg initially, followed by 5 mg/kg after 24 and 48 hours Indomethacin: IV 0.2 mg/kg every 12 hours for 3 doses
Outcomes	Rate of PDA closure, rate of reopening of the duct, mortality, gastric bleeding, IVH, PVL, NEC, BPD at 36 weeks' GA, duration of mechanical ventilation, time to full oral feeds, and length of hospital stay
Notes	No information on funding provided
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Patients were randomly placed into two groups
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Ibuprofen and indomethacin were administered at different times
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	ECHOs were performed by a senior paediatric attending physician, who was unaware of the infants treatment schedule
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcomes reported for all infants randomised
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Study protocol was not available to us so we could not ascertain if there were deviations from the protocol
Other bias	Low risk	Appeared free of other bias