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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 11.
Published in final edited form as: Epilepsia. 2016 Dec 18;58(1):6–16. doi: 10.1111/epi.13603

Table 1. Mortality estimates from population-based studies.

Population-based Country-location (income) Total population Quality People with epilepsy original cohort People with epilepsy followed Duration of FU (years)a Estimated person-years Deaths SMR 95% CI CFR 95% CI Mortality rate per 1,000 person-year 95% CI
Ngugi (2014)35 Kenya-rural (L)         232,164    100    754    606 2.7   2,048   61 6.5 5.00–8.30   8.1 6.1–10 29.8 22.8–38.3
Kochen (2005)8 Argentina-urban (M)           70,000      90    106      96       8      768     8 2.45  1.14–4.65a   8.3   2.8–13.9 10.4   4.5–20.5
Kaiser (2007)31 Uganda-rural (L)             4,743      90      61      57       7      399   18 7.2 4.40–11.6 31.6 19.5–43.6 45.1 26.7–71.3
Nicoletti (2009)34 Bolivia-rural (M)           55,675      85    118    103     10   1,030   10 1.34 0.68–2.39   9.7   4.0–15.4   9.7   4.7–17.9
Houinato (2013)30 Benin-rural (L)           11,688      80    160    150       1.5      225     5   3.3 0.5–6.2 22.2   7.2–51.9
Banerjee (2010)7 India-urban (M)           52,377      80    337    337       5   1,685   20 2.58 1.50–4.13   5.9 3.4–8.5 11.9   7.3–18.3
Carpio (2005)27 India-rural (Vusai) (M)           16,000      80      51      51     10      510   10 3.9   2.1–7.25 19.6   8.7–30.5 19.6   9.4–36.1
Summary: higher quality population studies         442,647 1,587 1,400  5.8b   6,665 132 2.6c    8.1c 19.8 16.7–23.5
Carpio (2005)27 India-urban (Parsis) (M)           14,010      65    109    104     14   1,456   34 0.76 0.51–1.01 32.7 23.7–41.7 23.4 16.2–32.6
Kamgno (2003)32 Cameroon-rural (L)                 NR      60    271    128     10   1,280   37 28.9 21.1–36.8 28.9 20.4–39.8
Mu (2011)33 China-rural (M)      5,840,000      50 3,568 2,998 4.5 13,491 106 4.9 4.0–6.1   3.5 2.9–4.2   7.9 6.4–9.5
Ding (2013)29d China-rural (M)      3,185,000      50 2,455 1,986 6.1 12,114 206 2.9 2.6–3.4 10.4   9.0–11.7 17.0 14.8–19.5
Carpio (2005)27 Mali-urban/rural (L)             7,158      40      36      31      12      372   13 4.25   2.8–6.45 41.9 24.6–59.3 34.9 18.8–59.8
Summary: lower quality population studies    >9,112,561 8,894 7,233   6.0b 32,850 431 2.9c  10.4c 13.1 11.9–14.4

FU, follow-up; SMR, standardized mortality ratio; CI, confidence interval; CFR, case fatality ratio; (L), low-income country; (M), middle-income country.

a

Length of follow-up described variously as median (Ngugi et al.35), mean (Ding et al.29), or the total interval of cohort assessment (others).

b

Mean weighted by study person-years.

c

Median weighted by study person-years.

d

Follow-up study of cohort described in Ding et al.28