Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 11.
Published in final edited form as: Epilepsia. 2016 Dec 18;58(1):6–16. doi: 10.1111/epi.13603

Table 3. Estimates of proportional mortality in epilepsy by cause in population-based and clinical cohort studies.

Study Country-location Design Quality (%) Number of people with epilepsy followed Number of deaths Causes of death (%)
Direct Indirect Unrelated Undetermined
Ngugi (2014)35 Kenya-rural Population 100       606   61  44.3    11.4     34.3          9.8
Kaiser (2007)31 Uganda-rural Population  90         61   18  33.0    17.0     44.4          5.6
Nicoletti (2009)34 Bolivia-rural Population  85       103   10  10    20     50        20
Banerjee (2010)7 India-urban Population  80      337   20    5    30     45        20
Kamgno (2003)32 Cameroon-rural Population  60      271   37  75.5    10.8     13.7
Mu (2011)33 China-rural Population  50   2,998 106  21.6    58.8     19.6
Ding (2013)29 China-rural Population  50   1,986 206  14.1    32.5     39.3        14.1
Carpio (2005)27 Mali-rural/urban Population  40        36   13  38.0    NR     62.0        NR
Summary: all population-based   6,546 471  27.3a    20.0a     41.9a        14.1a
Carpio (2005)27 Ecuador-urban Clinical cohort  50      379     7  42    30     28
Almeida (2010)36 Brazil-urban/rural Clinical cohort  45      550   16     62.5
Terra (2011)38 Brazil-urban Clinical cohort  35      987   53  15.1     84.9
Jilek-Aall (1992)12 Tanzania-rural Clinical cohort  35      164 110  17.3    18.2     32.7        31.8
Terra (2010)39 Brazil-urban/ rural Clinical cohort  25      267     9  77.8
Devilat (2004)37 Chile-Santiago Clinical cohort   5      NR   16  39.3
Summary: all clinical cohorts >2,347 211  39.3a    24.1a     47.6a
a

Median percentage.