Figure 1.

Key neural regions involved in the integration of emotion and cognition, adapted from Pessoa, 2009 (142). This includes regions that contribute to emotion generation (143,144) (Red) and cognitive control regions (Orange) involved in attentional control, response inhibition, and the updating of information (145–147). Regions that integrate affective and motivational signals (Blue) are hubs in both the emotion generation and control processes (53,54,71). Neuromodulators (Purple), such as NE projecting from the LC may affect the rest of the network via state-dependent shifts in arousal (55). Arrows represent the hypothesized functional interactions among regions of interest.