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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 10.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Physiol. 2019 Oct 7;82:79–101. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114349

Figure 3. Circadian regulation of genes influencing mitochondrial function and morphology.

Figure 3.

Mitochondrial respiration generally peaks early in the active period, while autophagy/mitophagy peaks during inactive period, presumably ensuring mitochondrial remodeling and quality control. Oscillation of mRNAs encoding mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins, fission protein Drp1, and Akt1/2, as well and autophagy adaptor protein sequestosome1/p62 are controlled by BMAL1 and CLOCK in the heart. However, whether mitophagic flux is higher in the inactive phase remains unclear. How regulation of mitochondrial function, dynamics and quality control by circadian clock contributes to cardiac physiology and pathology is an important question to be address.